•Market Risk. Overall investment market risks affect the value of the Fund. Factors such as economic growth and market
conditions, interest rate levels, and political events affect U.S. and international investment markets. Additionally, unexpected
local, regional or global events, such as war; acts of terrorism; financial, political or social disruptions; natural, environmental
or man-made disasters; the spread of infectious illnesses or other public health issues (such as the COVID-19 global
pandemic); and recessions and depressions could have a significant impact on the Fund and its investments and may impair
market liquidity. Such events can cause investor fear, which can adversely affect the economies of nations, regions and the
market in general, in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen.
•Underlying Funds Risk. Investments in underlying funds involve duplication of investment advisory fees and certain other
expenses. Each underlying fund is subject to specific risks, depending on the nature of its investment strategy. The manager
of an underlying fund may not be successful in implementing its strategy. ETF shares may trade at a market price that may be
lower (a discount) or higher (a premium) than the ETF’s net asset value. ETFs are also subject to brokerage and/or other
trading costs, which could result in greater expenses to the Fund. Because the value of ETF shares depends on the demand in
the market, the Adviser may not be able to liquidate the Fund’s holdings at the most optimal time, adversely affecting
performance.
◦Net Asset Value and Market Price Risk. The market value of ETF shares may differ from their NAV. This difference
in price may be due to the fact that the supply and demand in the market for ETF shares at any point in time is not
always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the underlying holdings. Accordingly, there may be
times when an ETF share trades at a premium or discount to its NAV.
◦Tracking Risk. ETFs in which the Fund invests will not be able to replicate exactly the performance of any indices or
prices they track because the total return generated by the securities will be reduced by transaction costs incurred in
adjusting the actual balance of the securities or derivatives. Certain securities comprising an index may, from time to
time, temporarily be unavailable, which may further impede the security’s ability to track an index.
•Derivatives Risk. In general, a derivative instrument typically involves leverage, i.e., it provides exposure to potential gain or
loss from a change in the level of the market price of the underlying security (or a basket or index) in a notional amount that
exceeds the amount of cash or assets required to establish or maintain the derivative instrument. Adverse changes in the value
or level of the underlying asset or index, which the Fund may not directly own, can result in a loss to the Fund substantially
greater than the amount invested in the derivative itself. The use of derivative instruments also exposes the Fund to additional
risks and transaction costs. A risk of the Fund’s use of derivatives is that the fluctuations in their values may not correlate
perfectly with the overall securities markets.
◦Futures Contract Risk. The successful use of futures contracts draws upon the Adviser’s skill and experience with
respect to such instruments and is subject to special risk considerations. The primary risks associated with the use of
futures contracts, which may adversely affect the Fund’s NAV and total return, are (a) the imperfect correlation between
the change in market value of the instruments held by the Fund and the price of the futures contract; (b) possible lack of a
liquid secondary market for a futures contract and the resulting inability to close a futures contract when desired; (c)
losses caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited; (d) the Adviser’s inability to predict
correctly the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors; (e) the
possibility that the counterparty will default in the performance of its obligations; and (f) if the Fund has insufficient
cash, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements, and the Fund may have
to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
◦Credit Default Swap Agreements Risk. The Fund may enter into credit default index swap agreements or credit default
swap agreements as a “buyer” or “seller” of credit protection. Credit default index swap agreements and credit default
swap agreements involve special risks because they may be difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and
credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the
issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty).
◦Options Risk. An option is an agreement that, for a premium payment or fee, gives the option holder (the purchaser) the
right but not the obligation to buy (a “call option”) or sell (a “put option”) the underlying asset (or settle for cash an
amount based on an underlying asset, rate, or index) at a specified price (the “exercise price”) during a period of time or
on a specified date. Investments in options are considered speculative. When the Fund purchases an option, it may lose
the premium paid for it if the price of the underlying security or other assets decreased or remained the same (in the case
of a call option) or increased or remained the same (in the case of a put option). If a put or call option purchased by the
Fund were permitted to expire without being sold or exercised, its premium would represent a loss to the Fund.
•Valuation Risk. Valuation risk is the risk that the Fund has valued certain securities or positions at a higher price than the
price at which they can be sold. There is no assurance that the Fund could sell a portfolio investment for the value established
for it at any time, and the Fund may incur a loss because a portfolio investment is sold at a discount to its established value.