​

​

For the year ended December 31, 

​

  ​ ​ ​

2023

  ​ ​ ​

2024

  ​ ​ ​

2025

​

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

  ​ ​ ​

US$

Government subsidies

418,717

​

331,484

​

74,643

Provision of contingent losses

(35,228)

​

(14,078)

​

(42,830)

Gain on disposal of property and equipment

​

386,915

​

24,985

​

14,421

Reversal of previously accrued expenses

​

—

​

91,317

​

218,673

Others

23,281

​

28,576

​

18,345

Total

793,685

​

462,284

​

283,252