INCOME TAX (Tables)
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12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2025 |
| INCOME TAX |
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| Schedule of maximum applicable income tax rates of other countries where the Company's subsidiaries having significant operations |
| | | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | UK | | 25 | % | 25 | % | 25 | % | Netherlands | | 25.8 | % | 25.8 | % | 25.8 | % |
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| Schedule of component of income tax expense |
| | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | | US$ | | US$ | | US$ | Chinese mainland | | (325,751) | | (542,211) | | (513,768) | UK | | (36,680) | | (197,586) | | (166,174) | Netherlands | | (50,797) | | (69,870) | | (46,774) | Others | | (37,035) | | (295,439) | | (21,378) | Total | | (450,263) | | (1,105,106) | | (748,094) |
| | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | | US$ | | US$ | | US$ | Current income tax expense | | 15,259 | | 2,012 | | 1,113 | Deferred income tax expense | | 687 | | — | | — | Total income tax expense | | 15,946 | | 2,012 | | 1,113 |
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| Schedule of reconciliation of actual income tax expense reported from the amount computed by applying the PRC income tax rate |
| | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | | US$ | | US$ | | US$ | Computed expected income tax benefit at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25% | | (112,069) | | (276,319) | | (187,286) | Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction | | 22,858 | | 75,134 | | 824 | Preferential tax rate impact | | (1,322) | | (399) | | (423) | Tax effect of non-deductible expenses and tax-free income | | 116,342 | | 4,457 | | 3,137 | Tax effect of R&D expenses additional deduction | | (44,392) | | (13,025) | | (17,732) | Change in valuation allowance | | 33,523 | | 212,302 | | 202,586 | Others | | 1,006 | | (138) | | 7 | Income tax expense | | 15,946 | | 2,012 | | 1,113 |
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| Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities |
| | | | | | | As of December 31, | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | | US$ | | US$ | Deferred tax assets: | | | | | Net operating losses carryforwards | | 392,449 | | 344,269 | Deferral of tax deduction of R&D expenses | | 286,520 | | 319,768 | Accrued expenses | | 40,633 | | 37,460 | Operating lease liabilities | | 18,479 | | 24,437 | Others | | 37,949 | | 27,843 | Total gross deferred tax assets | | 776,030 | | 753,777 | Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets | | (632,645) | | (585,820) | Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance | | 143,385 | | 167,957 | Deferred tax liabilities: | | | | | Government grants | | (113,142) | | (132,061) | Operating lease right-of-use assets | | (28,981) | | (34,193) | Others | | (1,960) | | (1,703) | Total deferred tax liabilities | | (144,083) | | (167,957) | Net deferred tax liabilities | | (698) | | — |
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| Summary of valuation allowance |
| | | | | | | | | Year ended December 31, | | | 2025 | | 2024 | | 2023 | | | US$ | | US$ | | US$ | Balance at the beginning of the year | | 585,820 | | 390,737 | | 202,715 | Addition | | 33,523 | | 209,569 | | 189,952 | Effect of foreign currency translation | | 13,302 | | (14,486) | | (1,930) | Balance at the end of the year | | 632,645 | | 585,820 | | 390,737 |
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