SPI 856 Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

April 28, 2026

Summary Prospectus

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund

Institutional Shares & Institutional Plus Shares

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Institutional Shares (VIEIX)
Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares (VEMPX)

The Fund’s statutory Prospectus and Statement of Additional Information dated April 28, 2026, as may be amended or supplemented, are incorporated into and made part of this Summary Prospectus by reference.

Before you invest, you may want to review the Fund’s Prospectus, which contains more information about the Fund and its risks. You can find the Fund’s Prospectus and other information about the Fund online at www.vanguard.com/prospectus and https://personal.vanguard.com/us/literature/reports/MFs. You can also obtain this information at no cost by calling 800-662-7447 (if you are an individual investor) or 800-523-1036 (if you are a client of Vanguard’s Institutional Division) or by sending an email request to online@vanguard.com.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Investment Objective

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund (the “Fund”) seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of small- and mid-capitalization stocks.

Fees and Expenses

The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below.

Shareholder Fees
(Fees paid directly from your investment)

	Institutional Shares	Institutional Plus Shares
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases	None	None
Purchase Fee	None	None
Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends	None	None
Redemption Fee	None	None

Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

	Institutional Shares	Institutional Plus Shares
Management Fees	0.03 %	0.029%
12b-1 Distribution Fee	None	None
Other Expenses	0.01 %	0.006%
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses1	0.04 %	0.035%

The expense information shown in the table has been restated to reflect current fees.

Examples

These examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The examples assume that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The examples also assume that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same.

	1 Year	3 Years	5 Years	10 Years
Institutional Shares	$4	$13	$23	$51
Institutional Plus Shares	$4	$11	$20	$45

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the examples, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 12% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies

The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the S&P Completion Index (the “Target Index”), a broadly diversified index of stocks of small and mid-size U.S. companies. Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in the stocks that make up the Target Index. The Fund invests by sampling the Target Index, meaning that it holds a range of securities that, in the aggregate, approximates the full Target Index in terms of key risk factors and other characteristics.

Principal Risks

As with any investment, an investment in the Fund could lose money over any time period. The Fund’s share price and total return may fluctuate, potentially within a wide range. The principal risks of investing in the Fund are summarized below. Each of the following risks could affect the Fund’s performance:

• General Market Risk. The markets in which the Fund invests can be affected by a variety of factors. These factors, which can be real or perceived, may include economic, market, political, and regulatory conditions and developments as well as local, regional, or global events such as wars, military conflicts, natural disasters, and public health issues. In addition, investor sentiment and expectations regarding these factors can also impact the markets. Different parts of the market, including different industries and sectors as well as different types of securities, may react differently to factors that affect the market. These factors can contribute to market uncertainty, market volatility, and fluctuations in the value of the Fund’s investments, thereby resulting in potential losses to the Fund over short or long periods.

• Investing in Equity Markets. The Fund invests in the equity markets. Equity markets have historically been cyclical, having periods of time when stock values rise and fall. Market volatility can lead to significant fluctuations in stock values, resulting in potential losses to the Fund.

• Market Capitalization (Market Cap). Companies are generally classified into three types of market cap depending on their size: small-, mid-, and large-cap. Companies can be further classified into micro- or mega-cap. Different factors can affect each market cap uniquely, and historically small- and mid-cap stocks have typically been more volatile due to the effects of

changing economic conditions. Large companies may not reach the same levels of growth or performance as smaller companies, and they may be slower to react to competitive challenges. The performance of funds that invest in a subset of market caps could diverge from the performance of a fund that is focused on a broader representation of the stock market.

• Index Investing. The Fund is subject to risks associated with index investing. Because the Fund generally seeks to track the performance of the Target Index regardless of how the Target Index is performing, the Fund’s performance may be lower than it would be if it were actively managed. Additionally, because the Fund does not hold all of the securities included in the Target Index, it is subject to the risk that the representative sample of securities selected by the advisor will, in the aggregate, vary from the investment profile of the full Target Index. The performance of the Fund’s investments, in the aggregate, may not match the investment performance of the Target Index. This risk, known as tracking error risk, may be heightened during times of increased market volatility or under other unusual market conditions. The Fund also could be negatively impacted by changes to the Target Index made by the index provider or by errors made by the index provider. Any gains, losses, or costs associated with or resulting from an error made by the index provider will generally be borne by the Fund and, as a result, the Fund’s shareholders.

• Concentration Risk. Except as may be necessary to approximate the composition of its Target Index, the Fund will not concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers whose principal business activities are in the same industry or group of industries. If the Target Index becomes concentrated and the Fund needs to concentrate in the same industry or group of industries, its performance could be negatively impacted by the industry or industries in which it is concentrated.

An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.

Annual Total Returns

The following bar chart and table show the Fund’s historical performance and are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the share classes presented compare with those of a broad-based securities market index and one or more additional indexes with similar investment characteristics as the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance.

Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Institutional Shares

During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were:

	Total Return	Quarter
Highest	31.15 %	June 30, 2020
Lowest	-27.99 %	March 31, 2020

Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2025

	1 Year	5 Years	10 Years
Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Institutional Shares
Return Before Taxes	11.42 %	6.20 %	11.02 %
Return After Taxes on Distributions	11.06	5.86	10.61
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares	6.92	4.76	8.99
Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares
Return Before Taxes	11.42 %	6.21 %	11.03 %
S&P Completion Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	11.32 %	6.06 %	10.89 %
Dow Jones U.S. Total Stock Market Float Adjusted Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)	17.05	13.07	14.21

Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Institutional Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder.

Investment Advisor

The Vanguard Group, Inc. (Vanguard) through its wholly owned subsidiary, Vanguard Capital Management (VCM). VCM exercises portfolio management responsibilities for the Fund.

Portfolio Managers

Nick Birkett, CFA, Portfolio Manager at VCM. He has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

Michelle Louie, CFA, Principal of Vanguard and Portfolio Manager at VCM. She has co-managed the Fund since 2023.

Walter Nejman, Portfolio Manager at VCM. He has co-managed the Fund since 2025.

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

If you invest directly with Vanguard, you may purchase or redeem shares online through our website (vanguard.com), by mail (The Vanguard Group, P.O. Box 982901, El Paso, TX 79998-2901), or by telephone (800-662-2739) . The minimum investment amount required to open a Fund account for Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares is generally $5 million or $100 million, respectively. The minimum investment amount required to add to an existing Fund account is generally $1.

If you invest in Vanguard fund shares through an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, your plan administrator or your benefits office can provide you with detailed information on how you can invest through your plan.

Tax Information

The Fund’s distributions may be taxable as ordinary income or capital gains. If you are investing through a tax-advantaged account, such as an IRA or an employer-sponsored retirement or savings plan, special tax rules apply. You should consult your own tax advisor with respect to any particular U.S. or non-U.S. tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.

Payments to Financial Intermediaries

The Fund and its advisor do not pay financial intermediaries for sales of Fund shares.

This page intentionally left blank.

CFA® is a registered trademark owned by CFA Institute.

The S&P Completion Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, a division of S&P Global, or its affiliates (“SPDJI”) and has been licensed for use by Vanguard. Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a division of S&P Global (“S&P”) and Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”). The trademarks have been licensed to SPDJI and have been sublicensed for use for certain purposes by Vanguard. Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund is not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by SPDJI, Dow Jones, S&P, or any of their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund particularly or the ability of the S&P Completion Index to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to Vanguard with respect to the S&P Completion Index is the licensing of the Index and certain trademarks, service marks and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its licensors. The S&P Completion Index is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to Vanguard or Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation to take the needs of Vanguard or the owners of Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P Completion Index. S&P Dow Jones Indices is not responsible for and has not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund or the timing of the issuance or sale of Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund or in the determination or calculation of the equation by which Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund is to be converted into cash, surrendered or redeemed, as the case may be. S&P Dow Jones Indices has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P Completion Index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice.

S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE INDEX OR ANY DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY VANGUARD, OWNERS OF VANGUARD EXTENDED MARKET INDEX FUND, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE INDEX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO, LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND VANGUARD, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.

Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Institutional Shares—Fund Number 856
Vanguard Extended Market Index Fund Institutional Plus Shares—Fund Number 1860

To request additional information about the Fund, please visit vanguard.com or contact us at 800-662-7447 (if you are an individual investor) or 800-523-1036 (if you are a client of Vanguard’s Institutional Division).

Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

SPI 856 042026