Registration Nos. 002-94641/811-4163

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM N-1A

and/or

T. Rowe Price Tax-Free High Yield Fund, Inc.

Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter

1307 Point Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
Address of Principal Executive Offices

410-345-2000
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code

David Oestreicher

1307 Point Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
Name and Address of Agent for Service

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering May 1, 2026

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

If appropriate, check the following box:

Prospectus May 1, 2026
			T. ROWE PRICE
			Tax-Free High Yield Fund
PRFHX PTYIX PATFX			Investor Class I Class Advisor Class
	The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Table of Contents

Investment Objective(s)

Fees and Expenses

Example

Portfolio Turnover

Investments, Risks, and Performance

Principal Investment Strategies

Principal Risks

As with any fund, there is no guarantee that the fund will achieve its objective(s). The fund’s share price fluctuates, which means you could lose money by investing in the fund. The principal risks of investing in this fund, which may be even greater in unfavorable or uncertain market conditions, are summarized as follows:

Performance

Calendar Year Returns 

Management

Investment Adviser T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (T. Rowe Price or Price Associates)

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

The Investor Class and Advisor Class generally require a $2,500 minimum initial investment ($1,000 minimum initial investment if opening an IRA, a custodial account for a minor, or a small business retirement plan account). Additional purchases generally require a $100 minimum. These investment minimums generally are waived for financial intermediaries and certain employer-sponsored retirement plans submitting orders on behalf of their customers. Advisor Class shares may generally only be purchased through a financial intermediary or retirement plan.

The I Class requires a $500,000 minimum initial investment per fund per account registration, although the initial investment minimum generally is waived or reduced for financial intermediaries, eligible retirement plans, certain accounts for which T. Rowe Price or its affiliates have discretionary investment authority, qualifying directly held accounts, and certain other accounts.

For investors holding shares of the fund directly with T. Rowe Price, you may purchase, redeem, or exchange fund shares by mail; by telephone (1-800-225-5132 for IRAs and nonretirement accounts; 1-800-492-7670 for small business retirement plans; and 1-800-638-8790 for institutional investors and financial intermediaries); or, for certain other accounts, by accessing your account online through troweprice.com.

If you hold shares through a financial intermediary or retirement plan, you must purchase, redeem, and exchange shares of the fund through your intermediary or retirement plan. You should check with your intermediary or retirement plan to determine the investment minimums that apply to your account.

Tax Information

The fund declares dividends, if any, daily and pays them on the first business day of each month. Any capital gains are declared and paid annually, usually in December. The fund intends to distribute tax-exempt income. However, a portion of the fund’s distributions may be subject to federal income taxes or the alternative minimum tax. A redemption or exchange of fund shares, and any capital gains distributed by the fund, may be taxable.

Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries

If you purchase shares of the fund through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the fund and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the fund over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediary’s website for more information.

Management of the FUnd

Investment Adviser(s)

T. Rowe Price is the fund’s investment adviser and oversees the selection of the fund’s investments and management of the fund’s portfolio pursuant to an investment management agreement between the investment adviser and the fund. T. Rowe Price is the investment adviser for all funds sponsored and managed by T. Rowe Price (T. Rowe Price Funds); is an SEC-registered investment adviser that provides investment management services to individual and institutional investors and sponsors; and serves as adviser and subadviser to registered investment companies, institutional separate accounts, and common trust funds. The address for T. Rowe Price is 1307 Point Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231. As of December 31, 2025, T. Rowe Price and its affiliates (Firm) had approximately $1.78 trillion in assets under management.

Portfolio Management

The portfolio manager is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the fund’s portfolio. The portfolio manager is Jim Murphy. The following information provides the year that the portfolio manager first joined the Firm and the portfolio manager’s specific business experience during the past five years (although the portfolio manager may have had portfolio management responsibilities for a longer period). Mr. Murphy has been portfolio manager of the fund since 2002. He joined the Firm in 2000, and his investment experience dates from 1993. During the past five years, he has served as a portfolio manager. The Statement of Additional Information (SAI) provides additional information about the portfolio manager’s compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager, and the portfolio manager’s ownership of the fund’s shares.

T. Rowe Price has also established an Investment Advisory Committee with respect to the fund. The portfolio manager works with the committee in developing and executing the fund’s investment program. The members of the committee are as follows: Jim Murphy, chair; Lee Arnold, Colin Bando, Davis Collins, Katie Floyd, Hannah R. Hrich, Dylan Jones, Michael Kane, Timothy Taylor, and Domingo Villarruel.

The Management Fee

The fund pays the investment adviser a management fee consisting of two components—an “individual fund fee,” which reflects the fund’s particular characteristics, and a “group fee,” which is designed to reflect the benefits of the shared resources of the Firm and is based on the combined net assets of all T. Rowe Price Funds (except the funds-of-funds, TRP Reserve Funds, Multi-Sector Account Portfolios, and any index or private-label mutual funds). The group fee schedule (in the following table) is graduated, declining as the combined assets of the T. Rowe Price Funds rise, so shareholders benefit from the overall growth in mutual fund and ETF assets.

Group Fee Schedule

* Represents a blended group fee rate containing various breakpoints.

The fund’s management fee is determined by applying the group fee rate and individual fund fee rate to the fund’s average daily net assets. For the prior fiscal year, the group fee rate was 0.28% and the fund’s individual fund fee rate was 0.17%. The management fee is calculated and accrued daily.

The management fee is charged to the fund and each share class of the fund bears its proportionate share of the management fee. An expense limitation agreement that limits the operating expenses or total expense ratio of a particular share class does not result in a reduced or waived management fee.

A discussion about the factors considered by the fund’s Board of Directors (Board) and its conclusions in approving the fund’s investment management agreement (and any subadvisory agreement, if applicable) is contained in Form N-CSR filed with the SEC for the period ended August 31, and made available on the fund’s website at troweprice.com/prospectus.

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND’s investment Objective(s), Strategies, and risks

Investment Objective(s)

The fund seeks to provide a high level of income exempt from federal income taxes by investing primarily in long-term low- to upper-medium-grade municipal securities.

Principal Investment Strategies

Effective August 1, 2026, the T. Rowe Price Tax-Free High Yield Fund will change its name to the T. Rowe Price High Yield Municipal Bond Fund.

Normally, at least 80% of the fund’s income will be exempt from federal income taxes. The fund’s 80% investment policy is a fundamental policy and may not be changed without shareholder approval. Any derivatives that provide exposure to the investment focus suggested by the fund’s name, or to one or more market risk factors associated with the investment focus suggested by the fund’s name, are counted (as applicable) toward compliance with the fund’s 80% investment policy.

Subject to shareholder approval, the fund’s Board of Directors has approved changing the fund’s 80% investment policy to the following: “The fund normally invests at least 80% of its net assets (plus any borrowings for investment purposes) in municipal bonds whose income is exempt from regular federal income taxes.” If approved by shareholders, the new 80% investment policy is expected to become effective on August 1, 2026.

The fund also has a policy that up to 20% of the fund’s income could be derived from securities subject to the alternative minimum tax. Subject to shareholder approval, the fund’s Board of Directors has approved eliminating this policy. If approved by shareholders, the elimination of the alternative minimum tax policy is expected to become effective on August 1, 2026.

Because the change to the fund’s 80% investment policy and elimination of the alternative minimum tax policy require shareholder approval to become effective, the changes are being proposed for approval at a special shareholder meeting scheduled for June 25, 2026. All shareholders who held shares of the fund at the close of business on March 27, 2026, are eligible to vote on the proposed changes.

The proposed changes are intended to provide the fund with greater long-term flexibility in executing its investment program, align the policies with the fund’s new name, and reduce potential compliance risks for the fund, although the changes are not expected to substantially affect the way the fund is currently managed. Proxy materials for the special shareholder meeting describe the proposed changes and the rationale in greater detail. If either proposed change is not approved by shareholders, the name change will still become effective on August 1, 2026.

Although the fund may purchase securities of any maturity, the fund invests primarily in longer-term municipal securities. The fund generally seeks higher-yielding municipal bonds, including those that are rated below investment grade (BB and lower, or an equivalent rating) by a credit rating agency or by T. Rowe Price, known as “junk” bonds.

T. Rowe Price’s active investment management approach emphasizes the value of in-depth fundamental credit research, diversification, and risk management practices. By using fundamental research, T. Rowe Price seeks to select investments for the fund’s portfolio based on its outlook for the different sectors of the tax-free municipal market (for example, T. Rowe Price may emphasize revenue bonds instead of state and local general obligation debt) and specific issuers or securities. The goal of this approach is to seek higher yields while taking a risk-conscious approach. Risk management practices include managing the fund’s duration (which is a measurement of the price sensitivity of a bond or bond fund to changes in interest rates), while also focusing on striking a balance between (i) investing more heavily in certain sectors or issuers and (ii) diversifying the fund’s investments across the broader municipal market.

From time to time, the fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in sectors with special risks, such as health care, transportation, utilities, or private activity bonds.

It is possible that 25% or more of the fund’s assets could be invested in municipal securities that would tend to respond similarly to particular economic or political developments. For example, the fund may invest in securities of issuers whose revenues are generated from similar types of projects or operate in similar industries.

Although the fund may invest more than 25% of its net assets in industrial development bonds, the fund limits its investments in industrial development bonds that are supported principally by the assets or revenues of non-governmental users related to the same industry to 25% of its net assets. Bonds that are refunded with escrowed U.S. government securities are not subject to the 25% limitation. Refunded bonds may have originally been issued as general obligation or revenue bonds, but become “refunded” when they are secured by an escrow fund, usually consisting entirely of direct U.S. government obligations, U.S. government agency obligations, and/or cash.

The fund may invest without limit in below investment-grade securities; however, the fund may only invest up to 10% of its total assets in securities in default.

During periods of abnormal market conditions, for temporary defensive purposes, there is no limit on the fund’s investments in high-quality, short-term securities whose income is subject to federal income taxes. Such investments could cause the fund to distribute taxable income and/or to fail to achieve its objective(s).

The fund may sell assets for a variety of reasons, including in response to a change in the original investment considerations or to limit losses, adjust the characteristics of the overall portfolio, or redeploy assets into different opportunities.

The fund invests in the following types of securities or assets:

Municipal Securities

The fund’s assets are invested primarily in various tax-exempt municipal debt instruments. A municipal bond is an interest-bearing security issued by a state or local government entity. There are two broad categories of municipal bonds. General obligation bonds are typically backed by the issuer’s “full faith and credit,” that is, its full taxing and revenue-raising power. Revenue bonds usually rely exclusively on a specific revenue source, such as charges for water and sewer service, to generate money for debt service. The issuer of a municipal security has a contractual obligation to pay interest at a stated rate on specific dates and to repay principal (the bond’s face value) on a specified date or dates. An issuer may have the right to redeem or “call” a bond before maturity, which could require reinvestment of the proceeds at lower rates.

A municipal bond’s annual interest income, set by its coupon rate, is usually fixed for the life of the bond. Its current yield (income as a percent of current price) will fluctuate to reflect changes in interest rate levels. For example, a municipal bond’s price usually rises when interest rates fall and vice versa, so its yield generally stays consistent with current market conditions.

Certain municipal securities have interest rates that are adjusted periodically. These interest rate adjustments tend to minimize fluctuations in a bond’s price. The maturity of those securities may be shortened under certain specified conditions. Some municipal securities have long-term maturities but are structured with interest rates that reset periodically (typically every 1 or 7 days) through a remarketing process.

In purchasing municipal securities, reliance is placed on the opinion of the issuer’s bond counsel regarding the tax-exempt status of the investment.

Private Activity Bonds

While income from most municipal securities is exempt from federal income taxes, the income from certain types of private activity bonds (a type of revenue bond) is included in the alternative minimum tax calculation. Only persons subject to the alternative minimum tax pay this tax. Private activity bonds may be issued for purposes such as housing or airports or to benefit a private company. Industrial development bonds are a special type of private activity bond permitted under Internal Revenue Service guidelines and are typically backed by a corporate obligor to finance projects benefiting the public.

Securities With Credit Enhancements

Securities purchased by the fund can have the features described below. The fund may consider credit enhancement when determining the credit quality, liquidity, or maturity of an investment.

Letters of Credit Letters of credit are issued by a third party, usually a bank, to enhance liquidity and ensure repayment of principal and any accrued interest if the underlying municipal security should default.

Municipal Bond Insurance This insurance, which is usually purchased by the bond issuer from a private, nongovernmental insurance company, provides an unconditional and irrevocable guarantee that the insured bond’s principal and interest will be paid when due. Insurance does not guarantee the price of the bond or the share price of the fund. The credit rating assigned to an insured bond may reflect either the credit rating of the underlying issuer, based on its ability to make interest payments and repay principal in a timely manner, or the credit rating of the insurer, based on its claims-paying ability. In either case, T. Rowe Price bases its determination on whether to purchase an insured municipal bond on the creditworthiness of the underlying issuer and on the claims-paying ability of the insurer.

The obligation of a municipal bond insurance company to pay a claim extends over the life of each insured bond. Although defaults on insured municipal bonds have been fairly low to date and municipal bond insurers have generally been meeting their claims, there is no assurance this will continue. It is possible that default rates on insured bonds and additional insurer downgrades could increase substantially, which could further strain an insurer’s loss reserves and adversely affect its ability to pay claims to bondholders. Despite the quality of the underlying issuer, a downgrade of an insurer’s rating could adversely affect the values of any bonds it insures because the perceived risk of owning the bonds has increased.

Standby Purchase Agreements A standby purchase agreement is a liquidity facility provided to pay the purchase price of bonds that cannot be remarketed. The obligation of the liquidity provider (usually a bank) is only to advance funds to purchase tendered bonds that cannot be remarketed and does not cover principal or interest under any other circumstances. The liquidity provider’s obligations under the standby purchase agreement are usually subject to numerous conditions, including the continued creditworthiness of the underlying borrower.

When-Issued Securities and Forwards

New issues of municipal securities are often sold on a “when-issued” basis, that is, delivery and payment usually take place 15 to 45 days after the buyer has agreed to the purchase. Some bonds, called “forwards,” have longer-than-standard settlement dates, typically six to 24 months. Interest is not paid on when-issued and forward securities until settlement, and the value of the securities may fluctuate between purchase and settlement. Municipal forwards typically carry a substantial yield premium to compensate the buyer for their greater interest rate, credit, and liquidity risks.

High Yield or “Junk” Bonds

The price and yield of below investment-grade (high yield or “junk”) bonds can be expected to fluctuate more than the price and yield of higher-quality bonds. Because these bonds are rated below BBB (or an equivalent rating) or are in default, they are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Successful investment in lower-medium and low-quality bonds involves greater investment risk and is highly dependent on T. Rowe Price’s credit analysis. A real or perceived economic downturn or higher interest rates could cause a decline in high yield bond prices by lessening the ability of issuers to make principal and interest payments. These bonds are often thinly traded and can be more difficult to sell and value accurately than higher-quality bonds. Because objective pricing data may be less available, judgment may play a greater role in the valuation process.

Principal Risks

The principal risks associated with the fund’s principal investment strategies, which may be even greater in unfavorable or uncertain market conditions, include the following:

Municipal securities: The municipal securities markets could be significantly affected by adverse political and legislative changes, litigation at the federal or state level, and changes in the financial condition of the issuers of municipal securities. The value of municipal securities (and funds investing in them) is strongly influenced by the value of tax-exempt income to investors. The restructuring of federal income tax rates could cause municipal bond prices to fall as lower income tax rates at the federal and/or state level would reduce the advantage of owning municipal securities. There is also no guarantee that the fund’s income will remain exempt from federal and state income taxes. Proposals have been made to restrict or eliminate the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal securities and similar proposals may be introduced in the future. If such a proposal were enacted, or there were changes in applicable tax laws or tax treatments that reduce or eliminate the current federal income tax exemption on municipal securities, the availability of municipal securities for investment by the fund and the value of the fund’s portfolio would be adversely affected. Failure of a municipal security issuer to comply with applicable tax requirements may cause income paid on its securities to become taxable, resulting in a decline in the security’s value.

Investments in municipal securities typically rely on the opinion of the issuer’s bond counsel provided at the time the municipal security is initially issued that the interest paid on those securities will not be subject to income tax. However, it is possible that the Internal Revenue Service, state tax authority, or court action may determine that a bond issued as tax-exempt should be considered taxable. If the fund were to hold such a bond, it might have to distribute taxable income or reclassify previously distributed tax-exempt income as taxable income, and be forced to sell the bond at an inopportune time at a price well below its original value.

Prices of municipal securities may be affected by major changes in cash flows into or out of municipal funds or sales of large blocks of municipal bonds by funds and other market participants. For example, substantial and sustained redemptions from municipal bond funds could result in lower prices for these securities. The fund will be adversely affected by a downgrade in the credit rating assigned to an issuer of securities held by the fund, but also may be adversely affected by a credit rating downgrade of a municipal bond insurance company that insures securities held by the fund. Such a decline may cause the insurer to be unable to meet its insurance obligations, which could negatively affect the value of the securities it insures and the fund’s performance. Adverse events involving one or more municipal bond insurers could have a significant adverse effect on the value of the securities insured by an insurer and on the overall municipal securities markets.

Market conditions: The value of investments held by the fund may decline, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably, due to factors affecting certain issuers, particular industries or sectors, or the overall markets. Rapid or unexpected changes in market conditions could cause the fund to liquidate its holdings at inopportune times or at a loss or depressed value. The value of a particular holding may decrease due to developments related to that issuer, but also due to general market conditions, including real or perceived economic developments, such as changes in interest rates, credit quality, inflation, or currency rates, or generally adverse investor sentiment. The value of a holding may also decline due to factors that negatively affect a particular industry or sector, such as labor shortages, increased production costs, or competitive conditions. In addition, local, regional, or global events such as war, military conflict, acts of terrorism, political and social unrest, regulatory changes, recessions, tariffs and shifts in monetary or trade policies, natural or environmental disasters, and the spread of infectious diseases or other public health issues could have a significant negative impact on securities markets and the fund’s investments. Any of these events may lead to unexpected suspensions or closures of securities exchanges; travel restrictions or quarantines; business disruptions and closures; inability to obtain raw materials, supplies, and component parts; reduced or disrupted operations for the fund’s service providers or issuers in which the fund invests; and an extended adverse impact on global market conditions. Government intervention (including sanctions) in markets may impact interest rates, market volatility, and security pricing. The occurrence of any of these events could adversely affect the economies (including through changes in business activity and increased unemployment) and financial markets of specific countries or worldwide.

Credit quality: An issuer of a debt instrument held by the fund could default (fail to make scheduled interest or principal payments), potentially reducing the fund’s income and share price. Credit risk is increased when portfolio holdings are downgraded or the perceived financial condition of an issuer deteriorates. Holdings with an investment-grade rating should have a relatively low risk of encountering financial problems and a relatively high probability of future payments. However, holdings rated below investment grade are more susceptible to adverse economic conditions than other investment-grade holdings and may have speculative characteristics. Holdings rated below investment grade should be regarded as speculative because their issuers may be more susceptible to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy issuers. Adverse developments in a particular state or involving a particular municipal bond insurer could result in price declines if the fund has significant investments in that state or bonds backed by that insurer. The fund’s credit risk is increased to the extent it invests in bonds where the interest and principal are dependent upon the money pledged for a project, fees generated from the use of facilities or services provided, or other dedicated revenues, as opposed to bonds that are backed by the taxing power or full faith and credit of the municipal issuer.

Junk bonds: Investing in bonds that are rated below investment grade subjects the fund to heightened credit risk. Issuers of below investment-grade bonds, or high yield bonds, are usually not as strong financially as those with higher credit ratings, so the issuers are more vulnerable to financial setbacks and recession than more creditworthy issuers, which may impair their ability to make interest and principal payments. As a result, below investment-grade investments carry greater risks of default and erratic price swings due to real or perceived changes in the credit quality of the issuer.

Because the credit quality of the issuer is lower, such bonds are more sensitive to developments affecting the issuer’s underlying fundamentals, such as changes in financial condition or a particular country’s general economy. In addition, the entire below investment-grade bond market can experience sudden and sharp price swings due to a variety of factors, including changes in economic forecasts, stock market activity, large sustained sales by institutional investors, a high-profile default, or a change in the market’s psychology. This type of volatility is usually associated more with stocks than bonds, but investors in lower-quality bonds should also anticipate it. Since funds can be a major source of demand in certain high yield bond markets, substantial cash flows into and out of these funds can affect high yield bond prices. If, for example, a significant number of funds were to sell bonds to meet shareholder redemptions, both bond prices and funds’ share prices could fall more than underlying fundamentals might justify.

Any investments in distressed or defaulted securities subject the fund to even greater credit risk than investments in other below investment-grade investments. Investments in obligations of restructured, distressed, and bankrupt issuers, including debt obligations that are already in default, generally trade significantly below par and may lack liquidity. Defaulted securities might be repaid only after lengthy bankruptcy proceedings, during which the issuer might not make any interest or other payments, and such proceedings may result in only partial recovery of principal or no recovery at all. Recovery could involve an exchange of the defaulted obligation for other debt instruments or equity securities of the issuer or its affiliates, each of which may in turn lack liquidity or be speculative and be valued by the fund at significantly less than its original purchase price. In addition, investments in distressed issuers may subject the fund to liability as a lender.

Interest rates: The prices of bonds and other fixed income securities typically increase as interest rates fall, and prices typically decrease as interest rates rise (bond prices and interest rates usually move in opposite directions). Such decreases in prices are due to the bonds and notes in the fund’s portfolio becoming less attractive to other investors when securities with higher yields become available. The prices and yields of inflation-linked bonds are directly impacted by the rate of inflation as well as changes in interest rates. Generally, funds with longer weighted average maturities (i.e., an average of the maturities of the underlying debt instruments, “weighted” by the percentage of the fund’s assets it represents) and durations (i.e., the measure of the price sensitivity of a fund to changes in interest rates) carry greater interest rate risk. As a result, in a rising interest rate environment, the net asset value of a fund with a longer weighted average maturity or duration typically decreases at a faster rate than the net asset value of a fund with a shorter weighted average maturity or duration. In addition, recent and potential future changes in monetary policy made by central banks and/or governments are likely to affect the interest rates or yields of the securities in which the fund invests. An elevated inflation environment may heighten risks associated with rising interest rates. As a result, rapid changes in interest rates may increase the fund’s overall exposure to interest rate risk.

Callable bonds: During periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may redeem securities with higher interest rates before their maturity. The fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the fund’s income.

Alternative minimum tax: The income from certain types of bonds, such as private activity bonds, may be tax-exempt but must be included for purposes of the alternative minimum tax calculation. As a result, the portion of the fund’s income attributable to these bonds may be taxable to those shareholders subject to the federal alternative minimum tax.

Liquidity: The fund may not be able to sell a holding in a timely manner at a desired price. Sectors of the bond market, including the municipal bond market, can experience sudden downturns in trading activity. During periods of reduced market liquidity, the spread between the price at which a security can be bought and the price at which it can be sold can widen, and the fund may not be able to sell a holding readily at a price that reflects what the fund believes it should be worth. Less liquid securities can also become more difficult to value. Liquidity risk may be the result of, among other things, the reduced number and capacity of traditional broker-dealers to make a market in fixed income securities or the lack of an active trading market. The potential for price movements related to liquidity risk may be magnified by a rising interest rate environment or other circumstances where selling activity from fixed income investors may be higher than normal, potentially causing prices to fall due to increased supply in the market. Liquidity in the municipal bond market has been reduced at times as a result of overall economic conditions and credit tightening. Municipal bonds are not traded via a centralized exchange but are instead traded in the “over-the-counter” market among dealers and brokers that connect buyers with sellers. The liquidity in the municipal bond market may suffer from a decrease in the number of bond dealers and the downgrading of certain municipal bond insurers.

Active management: The investment adviser’s judgments about the attractiveness, value, or potential appreciation of the fund’s investments may prove to be incorrect. The fund could underperform other funds with a similar benchmark or similar investment program if the fund’s investment selections or overall strategies fail to produce the intended results. Regulatory, tax, or other developments may affect the investment strategies available to a portfolio manager, which could adversely affect the ability to implement the fund’s overall investment program and achieve the fund’s investment objective(s).

Cybersecurity breaches: The fund may be subject to operational and information security risks resulting from breaches in cybersecurity. Cybersecurity breaches may involve deliberate attacks and unauthorized access to the digital information systems (for example, through “hacking” or malicious software coding) used by the fund, its investment adviser and subadviser(s) (as applicable), or its service providers but may also result from outside attacks such as denial-of-service attacks, which are efforts to make network services unavailable to intended users. These breaches may, among other things, result in financial losses to the fund and its shareholders, cause the fund to lose proprietary information, disrupt business operations, or result in the unauthorized release of confidential information. Further, cybersecurity breaches involving the fund’s service providers, financial intermediaries, trading counterparties, or issuers in which the fund invests could subject the fund to many of the same risks associated with direct breaches.

Additional Investment Management Practices

The fund may employ additional investment management practices as described in this section. The fund’s investments may be subject to further restrictions and risks described in the SAI, which contains more detailed information about the fund and its investments, operations, and expenses.

ESG Integration

The Firm integrates the analysis of governance and sustainability factors into the investment process in an effort to maximize financial performance (known as ESG integration). The Firm focuses on the particular governance and sustainability factors considered most likely to have a material impact on the performance of the holdings or potential holdings in the fund’s portfolio. For certain types of investments, including, but not limited to, cash, currency positions, and particular types of derivatives, this analysis may not be relevant or possible due to a lack of data.

Reserve Position

A certain portion of the fund’s assets may be held in short-term, tax-exempt money market securities maturing in one year or less. The fund’s reserve positions can consist of shares of a T. Rowe Price internal money market fund (which does not charge any management fees and is not available for public purchase) or a T. Rowe Price tax-exempt money market fund, as well as short-term, investment-grade securities, including tax-exempt commercial paper, municipal notes, and short-term maturity bonds. Some of these securities may have adjustable, variable, or floating rates. If the fund has significant holdings in reserves, it could compromise its ability to achieve its objective(s).

Temporary Defensive Position

The adviser may assume a temporary defensive position for the fund in order to respond to adverse market, economic, political, or other conditions, such as to provide flexibility in satisfying significant redemption activity, managing flows into or out of the fund, or paying expenses. The temporary defensive position may be inconsistent with the fund’s principal investment objective(s) and/or strategies, which may impact the fund’s returns or its ability to achieve its investment objective(s). For temporary defensive purposes, the fund may hold a greater amount of assets in reserves than normal or invest without limit in cash or other liquid instruments.

Borrowing Money and Transferring Assets

The fund may borrow from banks, other persons, and other T. Rowe Price Funds for temporary or emergency purposes, to facilitate redemption requests, or for other purposes consistent with the fund’s policies as set forth in this prospectus and the SAI. Such borrowings may be collateralized with the fund’s assets, subject to certain restrictions.

Borrowings may not exceed 33⅓% of the fund’s total assets. This limitation includes any borrowings for temporary or emergency purposes, applies at the time of the transaction, and continues to the extent required by the Investment Company Act of 1940.

Portfolio Turnover

Turnover is an indication of frequency of trading. Each time the fund purchases or sells a security, it incurs a cost. This cost is reflected in the fund’s net asset value but not in its operating expenses. The higher the turnover rate, the higher the transaction costs and the greater the impact on the fund’s total return. Higher turnover can also increase the possibility of taxable capital gain distributions. The fund’s portfolio turnover rates are shown in the Financial Highlights tables.

Financial Highlights 

The Financial Highlights tables, which provide information about each class’ financial history, are based on a single share outstanding throughout the periods shown. The tables are part of the fund’s financial statements, which are included in its Form N-CSR and are incorporated by reference into the SAI (available upon request). The financial statements were audited by the fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.

DISCLOSURE OF FUND PORTFOLIO INFORMATION

Most T. Rowe Price Funds disclose their portfolio holdings periodically on troweprice.com. A description of the policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of portfolio holdings and other portfolio information for the T. Rowe Price Funds is available in the SAI.

The following policies and procedures generally apply to Investor Class, I Class, Advisor Class, R Class, and Z Class accounts in the T. Rowe Price Funds. The front cover and Section 1 of this prospectus indicate which share classes are available for the fund.

INVESTING WITH T. ROWE PRICE

This section of the prospectus explains the basics of investing with T. Rowe Price and describes some of the different share classes that may be available. Certain share classes can be held directly with T. Rowe Price, while other share classes typically must be held through a financial intermediary, such as broker-dealers, banks, insurance companies, retirement plan recordkeepers, and investment advisers.

aVAILABLE SHARE CLASSES

Each class of a fund’s shares represents an interest in the same fund with the same investment program and investment policies. However, each class is designed for a different type of investor and has a different cost structure primarily due to shareholder services or distribution arrangements that may apply only to that class. For example, certain classes may make payments to financial intermediaries for various administrative services they provide (commonly referred to as administrative fee payments) and/or make payments to certain financial intermediaries for distribution of the fund’s shares (commonly referred to as 12b-1 fee payments). Determining the most appropriate share class depends on many factors, including how much you plan to invest, whether you are investing directly in the fund or through a financial intermediary, and whether you are investing on behalf of a person or an organization.

This section generally describes the differences between Investor Class, I Class, Advisor Class, R Class, and Z Class shares. This section does not describe the policies that apply to accounts in T. Rowe Price Institutional Funds and certain other types of funds. Policies for these other funds are described in their respective prospectuses, and all types of T. Rowe Price Funds and available share classes are described more fully in the funds’ SAI. While many T. Rowe Price Funds are offered in more than one share class, not all funds offer all of the share classes described in this section.

Investor Class

A T. Rowe Price Fund that does not include the term “institutional” or indicate a specific share class as part of its name is considered to be the Investor Class of that fund. The Investor Class is available to individual investors, institutions, and a wide variety of other types of investors. The Investor Class may be purchased directly from T. Rowe Price or through a retirement plan or financial intermediary. The Investor Class does not impose a sales charge and does not make any 12b-1 fee payments to financial intermediaries but may make administrative fee payments at an annual rate of up to 0.15% of the class’ average daily net assets. In addition, you may also incur brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling Investor Class shares through a financial intermediary. For investors holding the Investor Class through the T. Rowe Price^® ActivePlus Portfolios program, the terms and conditions of the program will be applicable.

I Class

The I Class may be purchased directly from T. Rowe Price or through a retirement plan or a financial intermediary. The I Class does not impose sales charges and does not make any administrative fee payments or 12b-1 fee payments to financial intermediaries. However, you may incur brokerage commissions and other charges when buying or selling I Class shares through a financial intermediary.

The I Class requires a $500,000 minimum initial investment per fund per account registration, although the minimum generally is waived or reduced for financial intermediaries, eligible retirement plans, certain accounts for which T. Rowe Price or its affiliates have discretionary investment authority, and certain other accounts.

Certain qualifying accounts are eligible to invest in the I Class at a lower investment minimum through programs available to investors holding their accounts directly with T. Rowe Price, including, but not limited to, programs for which T. Rowe Price or its affiliates have discretionary authority. For investors eligible for the I Class through such programs, the terms and conditions, including applicable minimums, of the respective program will apply. Certain accounts, including most T. Rowe Price Brokerage sweep accounts and small business retirement plans with more than one participant that are held directly with T. Rowe Price, are not eligible to invest in the I Class, regardless of account balance.

Advisor Class

The Advisor Class is designed to be sold through various financial intermediaries, such as broker-dealers, banks, insurance companies, retirement plan recordkeepers, and advisers. The Advisor Class must be purchased through an eligible financial intermediary (except for certain retirement plans held directly with T. Rowe Price). The Advisor Class does not impose sales charges but may make 12b-1 fee payments at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the class’ average daily net assets and may also separately make administrative fee payments at an annual rate of up to 0.15% of the class’ average daily net assets. You may also incur other fees or charges when buying or selling Advisor Class shares through a financial intermediary.

The Advisor Class requires an agreement between the financial intermediary and T. Rowe Price to be executed prior to investment. Purchases of Advisor Class shares for which the required agreement with T. Rowe Price has not been executed or that are not made through an eligible financial intermediary are subject to rejection or cancellation without prior notice to the financial intermediary or investor, and accounts that are no longer eligible for the Advisor Class (including any accounts that are no longer serviced by a financial intermediary or for which the financial intermediary does not accept or assess 12b-1 fee payments) may be converted to the Investor Class following notice to the financial intermediary or investor.

R Class

The R Class is designed to be sold through financial intermediaries for employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plans and certain other retirement accounts. The R Class must be purchased through an eligible financial intermediary (except for certain retirement plans held directly with T. Rowe Price). The R Class does not impose sales charges but may make 12b-1 fee payments at an annual rate of up to 0.50% of the class’ average daily net assets and may also separately make administrative fee payments at an annual rate of up to 0.15% of the class’ average daily net assets. You may also incur other fees or charges when buying or selling R Class shares through a financial intermediary.

The R Class requires an agreement between the financial intermediary and T. Rowe Price to be executed prior to investment. Purchases of R Class shares for which the required agreement with T. Rowe Price has not been executed or that are not made through an eligible financial intermediary are subject to rejection or cancellation without prior notice to the financial intermediary or investor, and accounts that are no longer eligible for the R Class (including any accounts that are no longer serviced by a financial intermediary or for which the financial intermediary does not accept or assess 12b-1 fee payments) may be converted to the Investor Class or Advisor Class following notice to the financial intermediary or investor.

Z Class

The Z Class is only available to funds managed by T. Rowe Price and other advisory clients of T. Rowe Price or its affiliates that are subject to a contractual fee for investment management services. There is no minimum initial investment and no minimum for additional purchases. The Z Class does not impose sales charges and does not make any administrative fee payments or 12b-1 fee payments to financial intermediaries.

DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING FEEs

Administrative Fee Payments (Investor Class, Advisor Class, and R Class)

Certain financial intermediaries perform recordkeeping and administrative services for their clients that would otherwise be performed by the funds’ transfer agent. Investor Class, Advisor Class, and R Class shares may make administrative fee payments to retirement plan recordkeepers, broker-dealers, and other financial intermediaries (at an annual rate of up to 0.15% of the class’ average daily net assets) for transfer agency, recordkeeping, and other administrative services that they provide on behalf of the funds. These administrative services may include maintaining account records for each customer; transmitting purchase and redemption orders; delivering shareholder confirmations, statements, and tax forms; and providing support to respond to customers’ questions regarding their accounts. Except for funds that pay an annual all-inclusive fee, these separate administrative fee payments are reflected in the “Other expenses” line that appears in the table titled “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in Section 1 of this prospectus.

12b-1 Fee Payments (Advisor Class and R Class)

Mutual funds are permitted to adopt a 12b-1 plan to pay certain expenses associated with the distribution of the fund’s shares out of the fund’s assets. Each fund offering Advisor Class and/or R Class shares has adopted a 12b-1 plan under which those classes may make payments (for the Advisor Class, at an annual rate of up to 0.25% of the class’ average daily net assets and, for the R Class, at an annual rate of up to 0.50% of the class’ average daily net assets) to various financial intermediaries, such as broker-dealers, banks, insurance companies, retirement plan recordkeepers, and investment advisers, for distribution and/or shareholder servicing of the Advisor Class and R Class shares. The 12b-1 plans provide for the class to pay such fees to the fund’s distributor and for the distributor to then pay such fees to the financial intermediaries that provide services for the class and/or make the class available to investors.

For the Advisor Class, distribution payments may include payments to financial intermediaries for making the Advisor Class shares available to their customers (for example, providing the fund with “shelf space” or inclusion on a “preferred list” or “supermarket” platform). For the R Class, distribution payments may include payments to financial intermediaries for making the R Class shares available as investment options to retirement plans and retirement plan participants, assisting plan sponsors in conducting searches for investment options, and providing ongoing monitoring of investment options.

Shareholder servicing payments under the plans may include payments to financial intermediaries for providing shareholder support services to existing shareholders of the Advisor Class and R Class. These payments may be more or less than the costs incurred by the financial intermediaries. Because the fees are paid from the Advisor Class or R Class net assets on an ongoing basis, they will increase the cost of your investment over time. In addition, payments of 12b-1 fees may influence your financial adviser’s recommendation of the fund or of any particular share class of the fund. Payments of 12b-1 fees are reflected in the “Distribution and service (12b-1) fees” line that appears in the table titled “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in Section 1 of this prospectus.

Additional Compensation to Financial Intermediaries

In addition to the administrative fee payments made by the Investor Class, Advisor Class, and R Class and the 12b-1 payments made by the Advisor Class and R Class, T. Rowe Price or its affiliates will, at their own expense and out of their own profits, provide compensation to certain financial intermediaries that have sold shares of or provide shareholder or other services to the T. Rowe Price Funds, commonly referred to as revenue sharing. These payments may be in the form of asset-based, transaction-based, or flat payments. These payments are used to compensate financial intermediaries for distribution and shareholder servicing activities, including subaccounting, sub-transfer agency, or other services. Some of these payments may include expense reimbursements and meeting and marketing support payments (out of T. Rowe Price’s or its affiliates’ own resources and not as an expense of the funds) to financial intermediaries, such as broker-dealers, banks, insurance companies, retirement plan recordkeepers, and investment advisers, in connection with the sale, distribution, marketing, and/or servicing of the T. Rowe Price Funds. The SAI provides more information about these payment arrangements.

The receipt of, or the prospect of receiving, these payments and expense reimbursements from T. Rowe Price or its affiliates may influence financial intermediaries, plan sponsors, and other third parties to offer or recommend T. Rowe Price Funds over other investment options for which an intermediary does not receive additional compensation (or receives lower levels of additional compensation). In addition, financial intermediaries that receive these payments and/or expense reimbursements may elevate the prominence of the T. Rowe Price Funds by, for example, placing the T. Rowe Price Funds on a list of preferred or recommended funds and/or providing preferential or enhanced opportunities to promote the T. Rowe Price Funds in various ways. Since these additional payments are not paid by a fund directly, these arrangements do not increase fund expenses and will not change the price that an investor pays for shares of the T. Rowe Price Funds or the amount that is invested in a T. Rowe Price Fund on behalf of an investor. You may ask your financial intermediary for more information about any payments they receive from T. Rowe Price or its affiliates.

Comparison of Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Fees

The following table summarizes the distribution and service (12b-1) fee and administrative fee arrangements applicable to each class based on its average daily net assets.

Account SERVICE FEE 

Investor Class

In an effort to help offset the disproportionately high costs incurred by the funds in connection with servicing lower-balance accounts that are held directly with the T. Rowe Price Funds’ transfer agent, an annual $20 account service fee (paid to T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., or one of its affiliates) is charged to certain Investor Class accounts with a balance below $10,000. The determination of whether a fund account is subject to the account service fee is based on account balances and services selected for accounts as of the last business day of August of each calendar year. The fee may be charged to an account with a balance below $10,000 for any reason, including market fluctuation and recent redemptions. The fee, which is automatically deducted from an account by redeeming fund shares, is typically charged to accounts in early September each calendar year. Such redemption may result in a taxable gain or loss to you.

The account service fee generally does not apply to fund accounts that are held through a financial intermediary, participant accounts in employer-sponsored retirement plans for which T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc. provides recordkeeping services, accounts held through the T. Rowe Price^® ActivePlus Portfolios program or Retirement Advisory Service™, or money market funds that are used as a T. Rowe Price Brokerage sweep account. The account service fee is automatically waived for accounts that satisfy any of the following conditions as of the last business day in August:

T. Rowe Price reserves the right to authorize additional waivers for other types of accounts or to modify the conditions for assessment of the account service fee. Fund shares held in a T. Rowe Price individual retirement account (IRA), Education Savings Account, or small business retirement plan account (including certain 403(b) plan accounts) are subject to the account service fee and may be subject to additional administrative fees when distributing all fund shares from such accounts.

POLICIES FOR opening an account

Investor Class and I Class shares may be purchased directly from T. Rowe Price or through various financial intermediaries. Advisor Class and R Class shares must be purchased through a financial intermediary (except for certain retirement plans held directly with T. Rowe Price). If you are opening an account through an employer-sponsored retirement plan or other financial intermediary, you should contact the retirement plan or financial intermediary for information regarding its policies on opening an account, including the policies relating to purchasing, exchanging, and redeeming shares, and the applicable initial and subsequent investment minimums.

Tax Identification Number

Investors must provide T. Rowe Price with a valid Social Security number or taxpayer identification number on a signed new account form or Form W-9, and financial intermediaries must provide T. Rowe Price with their certified taxpayer identification number. Otherwise, federal law requires the funds to withhold a percentage of dividends, capital gain distributions, and redemptions and may subject you or the financial intermediary to an Internal Revenue Service penalty. If this information is not received within 60 days of the account being established, the account may be redeemed at the fund’s then-current net asset value.

Important Information Required to Open a New Account

Pursuant to federal law, all financial institutions must obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person or entity that opens an account. This information is needed not only for the account owner and any other person who opens the account, but also for any person who has authority to act on behalf of the account.

When you open an account, you will be required to provide the name, U.S. street address (post office boxes are not acceptable), date of birth, and Social Security number or taxpayer identification number for each account owner and person(s) opening an account on behalf of others, such as custodians, agents, trustees, or other authorized signers. When opening an entity account, you will be asked to identify and provide personal information for: (i) any individual who, either directly or indirectly, owns 25% or more of the equity interest of the entity and (ii) a single individual who controls, manages, or directs the entity. Corporate and other institutional accounts require documents showing the existence of the entity (such as articles of incorporation or partnership agreements) to open an account. Certain other fiduciary accounts (such as trusts or power of attorney arrangements) require documentation, which may include an original or certified copy of the trust agreement or power of attorney, to open an account.

T. Rowe Price will use this information to verify the identity of the person(s)/entity opening the account. An account cannot be opened until all of this information is received. If the identity of the account holder cannot be verified, T. Rowe Price is authorized to take any action permitted by law, including, but not limited to, restricting additional purchases, freezing the account, or closing the account and redeeming the shares in the account at the net asset value next calculated after the redemption is processed (See “Rights Reserved by the Funds” later in this section.)

Institutional investors and financial intermediaries should call Client Account Management at 1-800-638-8790 for more information on these requirements, as well as to be assigned an account number and to receive instructions for opening an account. Other investors should call Investor Services at 1-800-638-5660 for more information about these requirements.

The funds are generally available only to investors residing in the United States.

Retail Money Market Funds

Money market funds that operate as “retail money market funds” pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), are required to limit their beneficial owners to natural persons. An investor in a retail money market fund is required to demonstrate eligibility (for example, by providing a valid Social Security number) before an account can be opened. The retail money market funds have also obtained assurances from financial intermediaries that sell the funds that they have developed adequate procedures to limit accounts to only those beneficially owned by natural persons. Any new investors wishing to purchase shares will be required to demonstrate eligibility (for example, by providing their Social Security number). The retail money market funds will, upon advance written notification, involuntarily redeem investors that do not satisfy these eligibility requirements.

Pricing OF Shares and TRANSACTIONS

How and When Shares Are Priced

Your transaction request will normally be executed using the next share price, also referred to as the net asset value, calculated after your order is received in correct form by the fund or its agent (or by your financial intermediary if it has the authority to accept transaction orders on behalf of the fund).

The information set forth in the following table regarding times relevant to net asset value determination applies only to regular business days.

Net asset values are not calculated for the funds on days when the NYSE is scheduled to be closed for trading (for example, weekends and certain U.S. national holidays). If the NYSE is unexpectedly closed due to weather or other extenuating circumstances on a day it would typically be open for business, or if the NYSE has an unscheduled early closing on a day it has opened for business, or as may be permitted by the SEC, the funds reserve the right to treat such day as a regular business day and accept purchase and redemption orders and calculate their share price as of their normally scheduled share price calculation times.

To calculate the net asset value, the fund’s assets are valued and totaled; liabilities are subtracted; and each class’ proportionate share of the balance, called net assets, is divided by the number of shares outstanding of that class. Market values are used to price portfolio holdings for which market quotations are readily available. Market values generally reflect the prices at which securities actually trade or represent prices that have been adjusted based on evaluations and information provided by the fund’s pricing services. Investments in other mutual funds are valued at the closing net asset value per share of the mutual fund on the day of valuation. Investments for which market quotations are not readily available or deemed unreliable are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by T. Rowe Price, as the valuation designee, designated by the Board, by taking into account various, adopted factors and methodologies for determining the fair value. This value may differ from the value the fund receives upon sale of the securities.

Amortized cost is used to price securities held by money market funds and certain short-term debt securities held by other funds. The retail and government money market funds, which seek to maintain a stable net asset value of $1.00, use the amortized cost method of valuation to calculate their net asset value. Amortized cost allows the money market funds to value a holding at the fund’s acquisition cost with adjustments for any premiums or discounts and then round the net asset value per share to the nearest whole cent. The amortized cost method of valuation enables the money market funds to maintain a $1.00 net asset value, but it may also result in periods during which the stated value of a security held by the funds differs from the market-based price the funds would receive if they sold that holding. The current market-based net asset value per share for each business day in the preceding six months is available for the retail and government money market funds through troweprice.com/money-market/en/money-market-fund-information.html. These market-based net asset values are for informational purposes only and are not used to price transactions.

T. Rowe Price uses various pricing services to obtain closing market prices, as well as information used to adjust those prices and to value most fixed income securities. T. Rowe Price cannot predict how often it will use closing prices or how often it will adjust those prices. T. Rowe Price routinely evaluates its fair value processes.

Non-U.S. equity securities are valued on the basis of their most recent closing market prices at 4 p.m. ET, except under the following circumstances. Most foreign markets close before 4 p.m. ET. For example, the most recent closing prices for securities traded in certain Asian markets may be as much as 15 hours old at 4 p.m. ET. If T. Rowe Price determines that developments between the close of a foreign market and the close of the NYSE will, in its judgment, affect the value of some or all of the fund’s securities, T. Rowe Price will adjust the previous closing prices to reflect what it believes to be the fair value of the securities as of 4 p.m. ET. In deciding whether to make these adjustments, T. Rowe Price reviews a variety of factors, including developments in foreign markets, the performance of U.S. securities markets, and the performance of instruments trading in U.S. markets that represent foreign securities and baskets of foreign securities.

T. Rowe Price may also fair value certain securities or a group of securities in other situations—for example, when a particular foreign market is closed but the fund is open. For a fund that has investments in securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the fund does not price its shares, the fund’s net asset value may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem the fund’s shares. If an event occurs that affects the value of a security after the close of the market, such as a default of a commercial paper issuer or a significant move in short-term interest rates, T. Rowe Price may make a price adjustment depending on the nature and significance of the event. T. Rowe Price also evaluates a variety of factors when assigning fair values to private placements and other restricted securities. Other mutual funds may adjust the prices of their securities by different amounts or assign different fair values than the fair value that the fund assigns to the same security.

The various ways you can purchase, sell, and exchange shares are explained throughout this section. These procedures differ based on whether you hold your account directly with T. Rowe Price or through an employer-sponsored retirement plan or financial intermediary.

investing directly with t. rowe price

The following policies apply to accounts that are held directly with T. Rowe Price and not through a financial intermediary.

Options for Opening Your Account

If you own other T. Rowe Price Funds, you should consider registering any new account identically to your existing accounts so you can exchange shares among them easily (the name(s) of the account owner(s) and the account type must be identical).

For joint accounts or other types of accounts owned or controlled by more than one party, either owner/party has complete authority to act on behalf of all and give instructions concerning the account without notice to the other party. T. Rowe Price may, in its sole discretion, require written authorization from all owners/parties to act on the account for certain transactions (for example, to transfer ownership). There are multiple ways to establish a new account directly with T. Rowe Price.

Online In general, you can open a new Investor Class or I Class account online. Go to troweprice.com/newaccount to choose the type of account you wish to open.

You can exchange shares online from an existing account in one fund to open a new account in another fund. The new account will have the same registration as the account from which you are exchanging, and any services (other than systematic purchase and systematic distribution arrangements) that you have preauthorized will carry over from the existing account to the new account.

To open an account online for the first time or with a different account registration, you must be a U.S. citizen residing in the U.S. or a resident alien and not subject to Internal Revenue Service backup withholding. Additionally, you must provide consent to receive certain documents electronically. You will have the option of providing your bank account information, which will enable you to make electronic funds transfers to and from your bank account. To set up this banking service online, additional steps will be taken to verify your identity.

By Mail If you are sending a check, please make your check payable to T. Rowe Price Funds (otherwise it may be returned) and send the check, together with the applicable new account form, to the appropriate address. (Please refer to the appropriate address under “Contacting T. Rowe Price” later in this section to avoid a delay in opening your new account.) T. Rowe Price does not accept third-party checks for initial purchases; however, third-party checks are typically accepted for additional purchases to an existing account. In addition, T. Rowe Price does not accept purchases by cash, traveler’s checks, money orders, or credit card checks. For exchanges from an identically registered account, be sure to specify the fund(s) and account number(s) that you are exchanging out of and the fund(s) you wish to exchange into.

By Telephone Direct investors can call Shareholder Services at 1-800-225-5132 (institutional investors should call 1-800-638-8790) to exchange from an existing fund account to open a new identically registered account in another fund. You may also be eligible to open a new account by telephone and provide your bank account information in order to make an initial purchase. To set up the account and banking service by telephone, additional steps will be taken to verify your identity and the authenticity of your bank account. Although the account may be opened and the purchase made, services may not be established and an Internal Revenue Service penalty withholding may occur until we receive the necessary signed form to certify your Social Security number or taxpayer identification number.

How Your Trade Date Is Determined

In general, if you invest directly with T. Rowe Price and your request to purchase, sell, or exchange shares is received by the fund or its agent in correct form by the fund’s applicable daily share price calculation time, your transaction will be priced at that business day’s net asset value. If your request is received by the fund or its agent in correct form after the fund’s applicable daily share price calculation time, your transaction will be priced at the next business day’s net asset value. The funds’ daily share price calculation times are detailed under the heading “How and When Shares Are Priced.” However, with respect to each of the Government Money and U.S. Treasury Money Funds, which normally calculate their daily share prices as of 5 p.m. ET, certain accounts that are held directly with T. Rowe Price (including, for example, certain retirement plans and T. Rowe Price brokerage accounts) must place their order prior to the close of trading on the NYSE (normally 4 p.m. ET) in order to receive that day’s share price. Contact T. Rowe Price for more information.

Systematic transactions that are scheduled to occur on a date the NYSE is closed will normally be processed the next business day (except for certain retirement plan payroll deduction orders generated by T. Rowe Price where the orders are processed the day before the day the NYSE is closed).

Note: There may be times when you are unable to contact us by telephone or access your account online due to extreme market activity, the unavailability of the T. Rowe Price website, or other circumstances. Should this occur, your order must still be placed and received in correct form by T. Rowe Price prior to the fund’s applicable daily share price calculation time to be priced at that business day’s net asset value. The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time until which orders are accepted may be changed in case of an emergency or if the NYSE closes at a time other than 4 p.m. ET. The funds reserve the right to not treat an unscheduled intraday disruption or closure in NYSE trading as a closure of the NYSE and still accept transactions and calculate their net asset value as of the fund’s applicable daily share price calculation times.

Transaction Confirmations

T. Rowe Price sends immediate confirmations for most of your fund transactions. However, certain transactions, such as systematic purchases and systematic redemptions, dividend reinvestments, checkwriting redemptions from money market funds, and transactions in money market funds used as a brokerage sweep account, do not receive an immediate transaction confirmation but are reported on your account statement. Please review transaction confirmations and account statements as soon as you receive them and promptly report any discrepancies to Shareholder Services.

Telephone and Online Account Transactions

You may access your accounts and conduct most transactions involving Investor Class or I Class accounts using the telephone or the T. Rowe Price website at troweprice.com. Telephone conversations are recorded.

Preventing Unauthorized Transactions

The T. Rowe Price Funds and their agents use reasonably designed procedures to verify that telephone, electronic, and other instructions are genuine. These procedures include, among other things, recording telephone calls, requiring personalized security codes or other information online and certain identifying information for telephone calls, requiring Medallion signature guarantees for certain transactions and account changes, and promptly sending confirmations of transactions and address changes. For transactions conducted online, we recommend the use of a secure internet browser.

T. Rowe Price Account Protection Program Shareholders who invest in the T. Rowe Price Funds directly are eligible for the Account Protection Program. The Account Protection Program restores eligible losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent activity where you have followed the appropriate security best practices to protect and maintain your account(s). T. Rowe Price reserves the right to modify or withdraw the Account Protection Program at any time. The Account Protection Program security best practices and additional information may be accessed online at troweprice.com/personal-investing/help/policies-and-security/account-protection-program.html.

If our verification procedures are followed and the losses are not eligible to be restored under the Account Protection Program, the funds and their agents are not liable for any losses that may occur from acting on unauthorized instructions.

If you suspect any unauthorized account activity, notice errors or discrepancies in your T. Rowe Price account, or are not receiving your T. Rowe Price account statements, please contact T. Rowe Price as soon as possible. Telephone conversations are recorded.

Trusted Contacts Investors who hold shares of a T. Rowe Price Fund directly or through a T. Rowe Price Brokerage account have the option to add one or more trusted contacts to their brokerage and mutual fund accounts. Trusted contacts are intended to be a resource to help protect client assets. Any individual designated as a trusted contact will be authorized to serve as a primary contact if T. Rowe Price has questions or concerns related to potentially fraudulent account activity or suspected financial exploitation or to confirm your contact information if we are unable to reach you (but are not authorized to act on your account). For more information or to add trusted contacts to your account, visit troweprice.com or call 1-800-225-5132.

If you are age 65 or older, or if you are age 18 or older and we have reason to believe you have a mental or physical impairment that renders you unable to protect your own interest, we may temporarily restrict transactions in your account and place a temporary hold on the disbursement of redemption proceeds from your account in an effort to protect you if we reasonably believe that you have been or will be the victim of actual or attempted financial exploitation. You will receive notice of this temporary delay, and it will be for no more than 15 business days while we conduct an internal review of the suspected financial exploitation (including contacting your trusted contact if one is on file). We may delay an additional 10 business days if T. Rowe Price reasonably believes that actual or attempted financial exploitation has occurred or will occur. At the expiration of the hold time, if we have not confirmed that exploitation has occurred, the proceeds will be released to you. Depending upon the state in which you reside, we may be required to report to the authorities suspected elder or vulnerable adult exploitation.

Purchasing Shares

Shares may be purchased in a variety of ways.

By Check Please make your check payable to the T. Rowe Price Funds. Include a new account form if establishing a new account, and include either a fund investment slip or a letter indicating the fund and your account number if adding to an existing account. Your transaction will receive the share price for the business day that the request is received by the fund or its agent, as long as the request is received in correct form prior to the time at which the fund calculates its daily share price (not the day the request is received at the post office box). The funds’ daily share price calculation times are detailed under the heading “How and When Shares Are Priced.”

By Electronic Transfer Shares may be purchased using the Automated Clearing House (ACH) network if you have established the service on your account, which allows the fund or its agent to request payment for your shares directly from your bank account or other financial institution account. You may also arrange for a wire to be sent to the fund or its agent (wire transfer instructions can be found at troweprice.com/wireinstructions or by calling Shareholder Services). The fund or its agent must receive the order and the money funding the order by the time it calculates its daily share price to receive that day’s share price.

With respect to Government Money and U.S. Treasury Money Funds only In some circumstances, a purchase order may be provided to a fund or its agent separately from the wire funding the order. If a purchase order is received by the fund or its agent in correct form and the payment funding the order is wired to and received by the fund prior to the time at which the fund calculates its daily share price (normally 5 p.m. ET), then that purchase will generally receive that day’s share price. However, if the payment funding the order is received by the fund or its agent after the time at which the fund calculates its daily share price (even if the purchase order is received by the fund or its agent prior to the time at which the fund calculates its daily share price, generally 5 p.m. ET), then T. Rowe Price may, in its sole discretion: (1) cancel the order; (2) process the order as the next calculated daily share price (generally, the following business day); or (3) accept the order and process it using that day’s share price, as long as the wire was received prior to the close of the federal wire system, which is generally 6:45 p.m. ET.

Purchase orders for certain accounts that are held directly with T. Rowe Price (including, for example, certain retirement plan accounts and T. Rowe Price Brokerage accounts) must be placed and received in correct form prior to the close of trading on the NYSE (normally 4 p.m. ET) in order to receive that day’s price. Contact T. Rowe Price for more information.

There is no assurance that you will receive the share price for the same day you initiated the wire from your financial institution.

By Exchange You may purchase shares of a fund using the proceeds from the redemption of shares from another fund. The redemption and purchase will receive the same trade date, and if you are establishing a new account, it will have the same registration as the account from which you are exchanging. The purchase must still generally meet the applicable minimum investment requirement.

In general, the share prices you will receive for exchanges are based upon the net asset value that is next calculated after the funds receive your order. However, exchange requests will only be processed when both funds are open (i.e., prior to the time at which both funds calculate their applicable daily share price). As a result, an exchange might not be completed on the date on which an order is received if one of the funds in the exchange has closed (i.e., after the time at which the fund has calculated its applicable daily share price). In such case, you will remain invested in the fund from which you are redeeming until the exchange is processed, which is typically the following business day. Exchange orders between most funds must be placed and received in correct form by the close of trading on the NYSE (normally 4 p.m. ET) to be processed that day. However, exchanges between Government Money and U.S. Treasury Money Funds must be placed and received in correct form by the time at which the funds calculate their daily share prices (generally 5 p.m. ET). Exchange orders for certain accounts that are held directly with T. Rowe Price (including, for example, certain retirement plan accounts and T. Rowe Price Brokerage accounts) must be placed and received in correct form prior to the close of trading on the NYSE (normally 4 p.m. ET), regardless of when a fund calculates its daily share price.

Systematic Purchases (Automatic Asset Builder) You can instruct T. Rowe Price to automatically transfer money from your account at your bank or other financial institution at least once per month, or you can instruct your employer to send all or a portion of your paycheck to the fund or funds that you designate. Each systematic purchase must be at least $100 per fund account to be eligible for the Automatic Asset Builder service. To automatically transfer money to your account from a bank account or through payroll deductions, complete the appropriate section of the new account form when opening a new account or complete an Account Services Form to add the service to an existing account. Prior to establishing payroll deductions, you must set up the service with T. Rowe Price so that the appropriate instructions can be provided to your employer.

Note: The fund may permit institutional investors to submit purchase orders for shares through various other electronic methods as well, if approved by Client Account Management.

Initial Investment Minimums

Investor Class accounts, other than the Retirement Income Funds and Summit Funds, require a $2,500 minimum initial investment ($1,000 minimum initial investment for IRAs; certain small business retirement plan accounts; and custodial accounts for minors, known as Uniform Gifts to Minors Act or Uniform Transfers to Minors Act accounts). The Retirement Income Funds and Summit Funds require a $25,000 minimum initial investment. I Class accounts require a $500,000 minimum initial investment per fund for each account registration, although the minimum is waived or reduced for certain accounts. If you request the I Class of a particular fund when you open a new account, but the investment amount does not meet the applicable minimum, the purchase will be automatically invested in the Investor Class of the same fund (if available).

Additional Investment Minimums

Investor Class accounts, other than Summit Funds, require a $100 minimum for additional purchases, including those made through Automatic Asset Builder. Summit Funds require a $100 minimum for additional purchases through Automatic Asset Builder and a $1,000 minimum for all other additional purchases. I Class accounts require a $100 minimum for additional purchases through Automatic Asset Builder but do not require a minimum amount for other additional purchases.

Exchanging and Redeeming Shares

Exchanges You can move money from one account to an existing, identically registered account or open a new identically registered account. For taxable accounts, an exchange from one fund to another will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service as a sale for tax purposes. (Institutional investors are restricted from exchanging into a fund that operates as a retail money market fund.) You can set up systematic exchanges so that money is automatically moved from one fund account to another on a regular basis. In general, exchanges are based upon the net asset value that is next calculated after the funds received your order. However, exchange requests will only be processed when both funds are open (i.e., prior to the time at which both funds calculate their daily share price). As a result, an exchange might not be completed on the date on which an order is received if one of the funds in the exchange has closed (i.e., after the time at which both funds calculate their daily share price). In such case, you will remain invested in the fund from which you are redeeming until the exchange is processed, which is typically the following business day. Exchange orders between most funds must be placed and received in correct form by the close of the NYSE (normally 4 p.m. ET) to be processed that day. However, exchanges between Government Money and U.S. Treasury Money Funds must be placed and received in correct form by the time at which the funds calculate their daily share prices (generally 5 p.m. ET). Exchange orders for certain accounts that are held directly with T. Rowe Price (including, for example, certain retirement plan accounts and T. Rowe Price Brokerage accounts) must be placed and received in correct form prior to the close of the NYSE (normally 4 p.m. ET), regardless of when a fund calculates its daily share price.

Receiving Redemption Proceeds Redemption proceeds can be mailed to your account address by check or sent electronically to your bank account by Automated Clearing House transfer or bank wire. You can set up systematic redemptions and have the proceeds automatically sent via check or Automated Clearing House on a regular basis. Except for money market funds, if your request is received in correct form by the fund or its agent on a business day prior to the time indicated in the table under the heading “How and When Shares Are Priced,” proceeds are usually sent on the next business day.

Proceeds sent by Automated Clearing House transfer are usually credited to your account the second business day after the sale, and there are typically no fees associated with such payments. Proceeds sent by bank wire are usually credited to your account the next business day after the sale (except for wire redemptions from money market funds). A $5 fee will be charged for an outgoing wire of less than $5,000, in addition to any fees your financial institution may charge for an incoming wire.

If, for some reason, your request to exchange or redeem shares cannot be processed because it is not received in correct form, we will attempt to contact you as soon as administratively possible.

If you request to redeem a specific dollar amount and the market value of your account is less than the amount of your request and we are unable to contact you, your redemption will not be processed and you must submit a new redemption request in correct form.

If you change your address on an account, proceeds may not be mailed to the new address for 15 calendar days after the address change, unless we receive a letter of instruction with a Medallion signature guarantee.

Please note that large purchase and redemption requests initiated through the Automated Clearing House may be rejected, and in such instances, the transaction must be placed by calling Shareholder Services.

Note: The fund may permit institutional investors to submit purchase orders for shares through various other electronic methods as well, if approved by Client Account Management.

Wire Redemption Proceeds From Money Market Funds

All money market funds except the Government Money and U.S. Treasury Money Funds Normally, if you request a redemption on a business day prior to noon ET and request to have proceeds sent via bank wire, proceeds are normally sent later that same day.

Government Money and U.S. Treasury Money Funds If you request a redemption on a business day prior to the time at which the fund calculates its daily share price (normally 5 p.m. ET) and request to have proceeds sent via bank wire, proceeds are normally sent later that same day.

All money market funds Under certain unusual circumstances (such as unusual market conditions or in cases of very large redemptions), redemption proceeds may be sent via wire the next business day following receipt of a wire transfer redemption request in correct form. Redemption proceeds sent via wire may be postponed or suspended for longer than one day only for periods during which there is a non-routine closure of the Federal Reserve wire payment system or applicable Federal Reserve banks or as permitted under those circumstances specifically enumerated under the 1940 Act and the relevant rules thereunder. For more information, please reference “Delays in Sending Redemption Proceeds.”

Certain retirement accounts that are held directly with T. Rowe Price are not eligible for same day redemption proceeds. Contact T. Rowe Price for more information.

Checkwriting You may write an unlimited number of free checks on any money market fund and certain bond funds, with a minimum of $500 per check. Keep in mind, however, that a check results in a sale of fund shares; a check written on a bond fund will create a taxable event that must be reported by T. Rowe Price to the Internal Revenue Service as a redemption.

Converting to Another Share Class

You may convert from one share class of a fund to another share class of the same fund (which may have a different expense ratio) over the telephone or in writing. Although the conversion has no effect on the dollar value of your investment in the fund, the number of shares owned after the conversion may be greater or less than the number of shares owned before the conversion, depending on the net asset values of the two share classes. A conversion between share classes of the same fund is a nontaxable event. The new account will have the same registration as the account from which you are converting.

Shareholders may contact T. Rowe Price at any time to convert eligible account balances to the I Class. In addition, T. Rowe Price may conduct periodic reviews of account balances. If your account balance in a fund meets or exceeds the applicable minimum amount required for the I Class, T. Rowe Price may, but is not required to, automatically convert your Investor Class shares to I Class shares of the same fund with advance notice, which may be in writing or delivered electronically if you have a valid email address on file with T. Rowe Price. Certain account restrictions will prevent an automatic conversion. If you opt out of any automatic conversions to the I Class, your election will apply to any future periodic reviews and automatic conversions for which you may otherwise be eligible unless you contact T. Rowe Price to change your election. If T. Rowe Price or its affiliates have investment discretion for your account, T. Rowe Price may convert your shares to a different share class without any advance notice to you. Automatic conversions only occur between share classes of the same fund.

Note: The fund may permit institutional investors to submit purchase orders for shares through various other electronic methods as well, if approved by Client Account Management.

Maintaining Your Account Balance

Investor Class Due to the relatively high cost to a fund of maintaining small accounts, we ask that you maintain an account balance of at least $1,000 ($10,000 for Summit Funds). If, for any reason, your balance is below this amount for three months or longer (even if due to market depreciation), we have the right to redeem your account at the then-current net asset value after giving you 60 days’ advance notice to increase your balance.

I Class To keep operating expenses lower, we ask that you maintain an account balance that at least meets the applicable I Class minimum necessary to open an account. If your investment in a fund falls below the applicable I Class minimum (even if due to market depreciation), we have the right to convert your account to a different share class in the same fund (if available) with a higher expense ratio or redeem your account at the then-current net asset value, after giving you 60 days’ advance notice to increase your balance. The redemption of your account by T. Rowe Price could result in a taxable gain or loss. However, if T. Rowe Price or its affiliates have investment discretion for your account, T. Rowe Price may convert your shares to a different share class without advance notice. Shareholders investing in a fund as part of a program that allows for a lower initial investment minimum will be subject to the applicable minimum account balance requirements of the respective program.

The redemption of your account could result in a taxable gain or loss.

Investors holding the fund through the T. Rowe Price® ActivePlus Portfolios program will be subject to the minimum account balance requirements of the program, which may differ from the minimum account balance requirements listed above.

Eligibility Through Certain T. Rowe Price Programs

Direct investors with qualifying accounts may be eligible to invest in the I Class with a lower initial investment minimum and may be eligible to open new accounts in funds that are generally closed to new investors. For certain programs, eligibility is based on the aggregate value of qualifying accounts and certain other accounts held by direct investors in the same household. The terms and conditions of the respective program will apply and are subject to change. Contact T. Rowe Price for more information.

INVESTING THROUGH A FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY

The following policies apply to accounts that are held through a financial intermediary.

Accounts in Investor Class and I Class shares are not required to be held through a financial intermediary, but accounts in Advisor Class and R Class shares must be held through an eligible financial intermediary (except for certain retirement plans held directly with T. Rowe Price). It is important that you contact your retirement plan or financial intermediary to determine the policies, procedures, and transaction deadlines that apply to your account. The financial intermediary may charge a fee, such as transaction fees or brokerage commissions, for its services.

Opening an Account

The financial intermediary must provide T. Rowe Price with its certified taxpayer identification number. Financial intermediaries should call Client Account Management for an account number and wire transfer instructions. In order to obtain an account number, the financial intermediary must supply the name, certified taxpayer identification number, and business street address for the account. (Please refer to “Contacting T. Rowe Price” later in this section for the appropriate telephone number and mailing address.) Financial intermediaries must also enter into a separate agreement with the fund or its agent.

How the Trade Date Is Determined

If you invest through a financial intermediary and your transaction request is received by the fund or its agent in correct form by the fund’s applicable daily share price calculation time, your transaction will be priced at that business day’s net asset value. If your request is received by the fund or its agent in correct form after the fund’s applicable daily share price calculation time, your transaction will be priced at the next business day’s net asset value unless the fund has an agreement with your financial intermediary for orders to be priced at the net asset value next computed after receipt by the financial intermediary. Shareholders investing through an intermediary are subject to their financial intermediary’s account restrictions and requirements. For example, certain financial intermediaries may have an order cutoff time that differs from the time at which the fund calculates its daily share price (i.e., the fund’s order cutoff time), which may require all transactions to be placed by the close of the NYSE (normally 4 p.m. ET), regardless of what time a fund closes. You should contact your financial intermediary or retirement plan recordkeeper for more information.

The funds have authorized certain financial intermediaries or their designees to accept orders to buy or sell fund shares on their behalf. When authorized financial intermediaries receive an order in correct form, the order is considered as being placed with the fund and shares will be bought or sold at the net asset value next calculated after the order is received by the authorized financial intermediary. The financial intermediary must transmit the order to the fund or the fund’s agent and pay for such shares in accordance with the agreement with the fund, or the order may be canceled and the financial intermediary could be held liable for the losses. If the fund does not have such an agreement in place with your financial intermediary, the fund or its agent must receive the request in correct form from your financial intermediary by the close of the NYSE in order for your transaction to be priced at that business day’s net asset value. You should contact your financial intermediary to learn whether it is authorized to accept orders on behalf of the fund.

Note: The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time until which orders are accepted by the fund or a financial intermediary may be changed in case of an emergency or if the NYSE closes at a time other than 4 p.m. ET. The funds reserve the right to not treat an unscheduled intraday disruption or closure in NYSE trading as a closure of the NYSE and still accept transactions and calculate their net asset value as the fund’s regularly scheduled closing time. Should this occur, your order must still be placed and received in correct form by the fund or its agent (or by the financial intermediary in accordance with its agreement with T. Rowe Price) prior to the fund’s daily share price calculation time to be priced at that business day’s net asset value.

The funds’ daily share price calculation times are detailed under the heading “How and When Shares Are Priced.”

Purchasing Shares

All initial and subsequent investments by financial intermediaries should be made by bank wire or electronic payment. There is no assurance that the share price for the purchase will be the same day the wire was initiated. Purchases by financial intermediaries are typically initiated through the National Securities Clearing Corporation or by calling Client Account Management. The fund may permit financial intermediaries to submit purchase orders for shares through various other methods as well, if approved by Client Account Management.

Investment Minimums

You should check with your financial intermediary to determine what minimum applies to your initial and additional investments.

The Summit Funds require a $25,000 minimum initial investment, and other funds generally require a $2,500 minimum initial investment, although the minimum is generally waived or modified for any retirement plans and financial intermediaries establishing accounts in the Investor Class, Advisor Class, or R Class. I Class accounts require a $500,000 minimum initial investment per fund for each account registration, although the minimum is generally waived for certain accounts.

Investments through a financial intermediary generally do not require a minimum amount for additional purchases.

Redeeming Shares

Unless otherwise indicated, redemption proceeds will be sent via bank wire to the financial intermediary’s designated bank. Redemptions by financial intermediaries are typically initiated through the National Securities Clearing Corporation or by calling Client Account Management. The fund may permit financial intermediaries to submit redemption orders for shares through various other methods as well, if approved by Client Account Management. Normally, the fund transmits proceeds to financial intermediaries for redemption orders received in correct form on the next business day after receipt of the order, depending on the arrangement with the financial intermediary. Shareholders investing through a financial intermediary are subject to their financial intermediary’s account restrictions and requirements. For example, certain financial intermediaries (including many retirement plans) may have an order cutoff time that differs from the time at which the fund calculates its daily share price. You should contact your financial intermediary for more information.

Please note that certain purchase and redemption requests initiated through the National Securities Clearing Corporation may be rejected, and in such instances, the transaction must be placed by contacting Client Account Management.

general policies relating to transactions

The following policies and requirements apply generally to accounts in the T. Rowe Price Funds, regardless of whether the account is held directly or indirectly with T. Rowe Price.

The funds generally do not accept orders that request a particular day or price for a transaction or any other special conditions. However, when authorized by the fund, certain institutions, financial intermediaries, or retirement plans purchasing fund shares directly with T. Rowe Price may place a purchase order unaccompanied by payment. Payment for these shares must be received by the time designated by the fund (not to exceed the period established for settlement under applicable regulations). If payment is not received by this time, the order may be canceled. The institution, financial intermediary, or retirement plan is responsible for any costs or losses incurred by the fund, T. Rowe Price or its agent, or a T. Rowe Price affiliate if payment is delayed or not received.

U.S. Dollars All purchases must be paid for in U.S. dollars; checks must be drawn on U.S. banks. In addition, we request that you give us at least three business days’ notice for any purchase of $1 million or more.

Nonpayment If a check or Automated Clearing House transfer does not clear or payment for an order is not received in a timely manner, your purchase may be canceled. You (or the financial intermediary) may be responsible for any losses or expenses incurred by the fund or its agent, and the fund can redeem shares in your account or another identically registered T. Rowe Price account as reimbursement. The funds and their agents have the right to reject or cancel any purchase, exchange, or redemption due to nonpayment.

Liquidity Fees—Retail Money Market Funds A money market fund that operates as a retail money market fund pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 has the ability to impose liquidity fees of up to 2% of the value of the shares redeemed if the Board (or its delegate) determines that doing so is in the best interests of the fund.

If a liquidity fee is in place, all exchanges out of the fund will be subject to the liquidity fee. When a liquidity fee is in place, the fund may elect to not permit the purchase of shares or to subject the purchase of shares to certain conditions, which may include affirmation of the purchaser’s knowledge that a liquidity fee is in effect.

Omnibus Accounts If your shares are held through a financial intermediary, T. Rowe Price may rely on the financial intermediary to assess any applicable liquidity fees on underlying shareholder accounts. In certain situations, T. Rowe Price enters into agreements with financial intermediaries maintaining omnibus accounts that require the financial intermediary to assess liquidity fees. There are no assurances that T. Rowe Price will be successful in ensuring that all financial intermediaries will properly assess the fees.

Please refer to Sections 1 and 2 of the retail money market fund prospectuses for more information regarding liquidity fees.

Meeting Redemption Requests It is expected that the funds will typically hold sufficient cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests, although a fund may also use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests if consistent with the management of the fund. Funds-of-funds, however, are expected to typically sell shares of their underlying funds in order to meet redemption requests, although a fund-of-funds may at times hold sufficient cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. These redemption methods will be used regularly and may also be used in deteriorating or stressed market conditions. The funds reserve the right to pay redemption proceeds with securities from the fund’s portfolio rather than in cash (redemptions in-kind), as described under “Large Redemptions.” Redemptions in-kind may be used regularly in circumstances as described above (generally if the shareholder is able to accept securities in-kind) and may also be used in stressed market conditions.

The funds may rely on an interfund lending exemptive order received from the SEC that permits the T. Rowe Price Funds to borrow money from and/or lend money to other T. Rowe Price Funds to help the funds meet short-term redemptions and liquidity needs. In certain circumstances, the T. Rowe Price Funds may also meet redemption requests by utilizing overdraft protection afforded to the fund’s account by the fund custodian. In addition, certain funds have a revolving line of credit in place to help meet short-term redemptions and liquidity needs, if necessary.

During periods of deteriorating or stressed market conditions,when an increased portion of a fund’s portfolio may be composed of holdings with reduced liquidity or lengthy settlement periods, or during extraordinary or emergency circumstances, the fund may be more likely to pay redemption proceeds with cash obtained through interfund lending or short-term borrowing arrangements (if available) or by redeeming a large redemption request in-kind.

Large Redemptions Large redemptions (for example, $250,000 or more) can adversely affect a portfolio manager’s ability to implement a fund’s investment strategy by causing the premature sale of securities that would otherwise be held longer. Therefore, if, during any 90-day period, a shareholder redeems fund shares worth more than $250,000 (or 1% of the value of a fund’s assets if that amount is less than $250,000), we reserve the right to pay part or all of the redemption proceeds in excess of this amount in readily marketable securities instead of in cash. Although the fund normally intends to pay redemption proceeds solely in cash, in consideration of the best interests of the remaining shareholders, the fund reserves the right (without prior notice) to pay any redemption proceeds exceeding this amount in whole or in part by a distribution in kind of securities held by a fund. This in-kind distribution may be in the form of a pro-rata slice of the fund’s portfolio (potentially with certain exclusions and modifications). We will value these securities in the same manner as we do in computing the fund’s net asset value. The redeeming shareholder will be responsible for disposing of the securities, and the shareholder will be subject to the risks that the value of the securities could decline prior to their sale, the securities could be difficult to sell, and brokerage fees could be incurred. If you continue to hold the securities, you may be subject to any ownership restrictions imposed by the issuers. For example, real estate investment trusts (REITs) often impose ownership restrictions on their equity securities. In addition, we request that you give us at least three business days’ notice for any redemption of $1 million or more.

Delays in Sending Redemption Proceeds

The T. Rowe Price Funds typically expect that redemption requests will be paid out to redeeming shareholders by the business day following the receipt of a redemption request that is in correct form, regardless of the method the fund uses to make such payment (for example, check, wire, or Automated Clearing House transfer). Checks are typically mailed on the business day after the redemption, proceeds sent by wire are typically credited to your financial institution the business day after the redemption, and proceeds sent by Automated Clearing House are typically credited to your financial institution on the second business day after the redemption. However, under certain circumstances, and when deemed to be in a fund’s best interests, proceeds may not be sent for up to seven calendar days after receipt of a valid redemption order (for example, during periods of deteriorating or stressed market conditions or during extraordinary or emergency circumstances).

In addition, if shares are sold that were just purchased and paid for by check or Automated Clearing House transfer, the fund will process your redemption but generally will delay sending the proceeds for up to seven calendar days to allow the check or Automated Clearing House transfer to clear. If, during the clearing period, we receive a check drawn against your newly purchased shares, it will be returned and marked “uncollected.” (The seven-day hold does not apply to purchases paid for by bank wire or automatic purchases through payroll deduction.)

Under certain limited circumstances, the Board of a money market fund may elect to permanently suspend redemptions in order to facilitate an orderly liquidation of the fund (subject to any additional liquidation requirements).

Involuntary Redemptions and Share Class Conversions

Since nongovernment money market funds that operate as retail money market funds are required to limit their beneficial owners to natural persons, shares held directly by an investor or through a financial intermediary in these funds that are not eligible to invest in a retail money market fund are subject to involuntary redemption at any time without prior notice.

Shares held by any investors or financial intermediaries that are no longer eligible to invest in the I Class or who fail to meet or maintain their account(s) at the investment minimum are subject to involuntary redemption or conversion to the Investor Class of the same fund (which may have a higher expense ratio). Investments in Advisor Class shares that are no longer held through an eligible financial intermediary may be automatically converted by T. Rowe Price to the Investor Class of the same fund following notice to the financial intermediary or shareholder. Investments in R Class shares that are no longer held on behalf of an employer-sponsored defined contribution retirement plan or other eligible R Class account or that are not held through an eligible financial intermediary may be automatically converted by T. Rowe Price to the Investor Class or Advisor Class of the same fund following notice to the financial intermediary or shareholder.

Excessive and Short-Term Trading Policy

Excessive transactions and short-term trading can be harmful to fund shareholders in various ways, such as disrupting a fund’s portfolio management strategies, increasing a fund’s trading and other costs, and negatively affecting its performance. Short-term traders in funds that invest in foreign securities may seek to take advantage of developments overseas that could lead to an anticipated difference between the price of the funds’ shares and price movements in foreign markets. While there is no assurance that T. Rowe Price can prevent all excessive and short-term trading, the Boards of the T. Rowe Price Funds have adopted the following trading limits that are designed to deter such activity and protect the funds’ shareholders. The funds may revise their trading limits and procedures at any time as the Boards deem necessary or appropriate to better detect short-term trading that may adversely affect the funds, to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, or to impose additional or alternative restrictions.

Subject to certain exceptions, each T. Rowe Price Fund restricts a shareholder’s purchases (including through exchanges) into a fund account for a period of 30 calendar days after the shareholder has redeemed or exchanged out of that same fund account (30-Day Purchase Block). The calendar day after the date of redemption is considered Day 1 for purposes of computing the period before another purchase may be made.

General Exceptions As of the date of this prospectus, the following types of transactions generally are not subject to the funds’ Excessive and Short-Term Trading Policy:

Transactions in certain rebalancing, asset allocation, wrap, and other advisory programs, as well as non-T. Rowe Price fund-of-funds products, may also be exempt from the 30-Day Purchase Block, subject to prior written approval by T. Rowe Price.

In addition to restricting transactions in accordance with the 30-Day Purchase Block, T. Rowe Price may, in its discretion, reject (or instruct a financial intermediary to reject) any purchase or exchange into a fund from a person (which includes individuals and entities) whose trading activity could disrupt the management of the fund or dilute the value of the fund’s shares, including trading by persons acting collectively (for example, following the advice of a newsletter, blogger, or social media platform). Such persons may be barred, without prior notice, from further purchases of T. Rowe Price Funds for a period longer than 30 calendar days, or permanently.

Financial Intermediary and Retirement Plan Accounts If you invest in T. Rowe Price Funds through a financial intermediary, including a retirement plan, you should review the financial intermediary’s or retirement plan’s materials carefully or consult with the financial intermediary or plan sponsor directly to determine the trading policy that will apply to your trades in the T. Rowe Price Funds as well as any other rules or conditions on transactions that may apply. If T. Rowe Price is unable to identify a transaction placed through a financial intermediary as exempt from the excessive trading policy, the 30-Day Purchase Block may apply.

Financial intermediaries, including retirement plans, may maintain their underlying accounts directly with the fund, although they often establish an omnibus account (one account with the fund that represents multiple underlying shareholder accounts) on behalf of their customers. When financial intermediaries establish omnibus accounts in the T. Rowe Price Funds, T. Rowe Price is not able to monitor the trading activity of the underlying shareholders. However, T. Rowe Price monitors aggregate trading activity at the financial intermediary (omnibus account) level in an attempt to identify activity that indicates potential excessive or short-term trading. If it detects suspicious trading activity, T. Rowe Price may contact the financial intermediary to request personal identifying information and transaction histories for some or all underlying shareholders (including plan participants, if applicable) pursuant to a written agreement that T. Rowe Price has entered into with each financial intermediary. Any nonpublic personal information provided to the fund (for example, a shareholder’s taxpayer identification number or transaction records) is subject to the fund’s privacy policy. If T. Rowe Price believes that excessive or short-term trading has occurred and there is no exception for such trades under the funds’ Excessive and Short-Term Trading Policy as previously described, it will instruct the financial intermediary to impose restrictions to discourage such practices and take appropriate action with respect to the underlying shareholder, including restricting purchases for 30 calendar days or longer. Each financial intermediary has agreed to execute such instructions pursuant to a written agreement. There is no assurance that T. Rowe Price will be able to properly enforce its Excessive and Short-Term Trading Policy for omnibus accounts. Because T. Rowe Price generally relies on financial intermediaries to provide information and impose restrictions for omnibus accounts, its ability to monitor and deter excessive trading will be dependent upon the financial intermediaries’ timely performance of their responsibilities.

For shares that are held in a retirement plan, generally the 30-Day Purchase Block applies only to shares redeemed by a participant-directed exchange to another fund. However, the 30-Day Purchase Block may apply to transactions other than exchanges depending on how shares of the plan are held at T. Rowe Price or the excessive trading policy applied by your plan’s recordkeeper.

T. Rowe Price may allow a financial intermediary, including a retirement plan, to maintain restrictions on trading in the T. Rowe Price Funds that differ from the 30-Day Purchase Block. An alternative excessive trading policy would be acceptable to T. Rowe Price if it believes that the policy would provide sufficient protection to the T. Rowe Price Funds and their shareholders that is consistent with the excessive trading policy adopted by the funds’ Boards.

There is no guarantee that T. Rowe Price will be able to identify or prevent all excessive or short-term trades or trading practices.

Unclaimed Accounts and Uncashed Checks

If your account has no activity for a certain period of time and/or mail sent to you from T. Rowe Price (or your financial intermediary) is deemed undeliverable, T. Rowe Price (or your financial intermediary) may be required to transfer (i.e., escheat) your account assets, including any assets related to uncashed checks, to the appropriate state under its abandoned property laws. For IRAs escheated to a state under these abandoned property laws, the escheatment will be treated as a taxable distribution to you and federal and any applicable state income tax will be withheld. This may also apply to your Roth IRA (see the T. Rowe Price Traditional and Roth IRA Disclosure Statement and Custodial Agreement and/or the T. Rowe Price SIMPLE IRA Summary & Agreement for more information). To avoid such action, it is important to keep your account address up to date and periodically communicate with T. Rowe Price by contacting us or logging in to your account at least once every two years.

Delivery of Shareholder Documents

If two or more accounts own the same fund, share the same address, and T. Rowe Price reasonably believes that the two accounts are part of the same household or institution, we may economize on fund expenses by mailing only one shareholder report and summary prospectus or prospectus, as applicable, for the fund. If you need additional copies or do not want your mailings to be “householded,” please call Shareholder Services.

T. Rowe Price can deliver account statements, transaction confirmations, prospectuses/summary prospectuses, proxy materials, and shareholder reports electronically. If you are a registered user of troweprice.com, you can consent to the electronic delivery of these documents by logging in and changing your mailing preferences. You can revoke your consent at any time through troweprice.com, and we will begin to send paper copies of these documents within a reasonable time after receiving your revocation.

Signature Guarantees

A Medallion signature guarantee is designed to protect you and the T. Rowe Price Funds from fraud by verifying your signature.

A shareholder or financial intermediary may be required to obtain a Medallion signature guarantee in certain situations, such as:

Financial intermediaries should contact T. Rowe Price Client Account Management for specific requirements.

The signature guarantee must be obtained from a financial institution that is a participant in a Medallion signature guarantee program. You can obtain a Medallion signature guarantee from certain banks, savings institutions, broker-dealers, and other guarantors acceptable to T. Rowe Price. When obtaining a Medallion signature guarantee, please discuss with the guarantor the dollar amount of your proposed transaction. It is important that the level of coverage provided by the guarantor’s stamp covers the dollar amount of the transaction or it may be rejected. We cannot accept guarantees from notaries public or organizations that do not provide reimbursement in the case of fraud.

Fund Operations and Shareholder Services

T. Rowe Price and The Bank of New York Mellon, subject to the oversight of T. Rowe Price, each provide certain accounting services to the T. Rowe Price Funds. T. Rowe Price Services, Inc., acts as the transfer agent and dividend disbursing agent and provides shareholder and administrative services to the funds. T. Rowe Price Retirement Plan Services, Inc., provides recordkeeping, sub-transfer agency, and administrative services for certain types of retirement plans investing in the funds. These companies receive compensation from the funds for their services. The funds may also pay financial intermediaries for performing shareholder and administrative services for underlying shareholders in omnibus accounts. In addition, certain funds serve as an underlying fund in which some fund-of-funds products, the T. Rowe Price Spectrum and Retirement Funds, invest. Subject to approval by each applicable fund’s Board, each underlying fund bears its proportionate share of the direct operating expenses of the T. Rowe Price Spectrum and Retirement Funds. All of the fees previously discussed are included in a fund’s financial statements and, except for funds that pay an annual all-inclusive fee, are also reflected in the “Other expenses” line that appears in the table titled “Fees and Expenses of the Fund” in Section 1 of this prospectus.

CONTACTING T. ROWE PRICE

If you hold shares of a fund through a financial intermediary, you must contact your financial intermediary to determine the requirements for opening a new account and placing transactions. Otherwise, you may access your accounts and conduct most transactions involving Investor Class or I Class accounts using the telephone, the T. Rowe Price website at troweprice.com, or the T. Rowe Price Personal^® App. Telephone conversations are recorded.

T. Rowe Price Addresses

Please be sure to use the correct address to avoid a delay in opening your account or processing your transaction. These addresses are subject to change at any time, so please check troweprice.com/contactus or call the appropriate telephone number to ensure that you use the correct mailing address.

Investors (IRAs and nonretirement accounts) opening a new account or making additional purchases by check should use the following addresses:

Investors (IRAs and nonretirement accounts) requesting an exchange or redemption should use the following addresses:

Investors in a small business retirement plan opening a new account, making a purchase by check, or placing an exchange or redemption should use the following addresses:

Institutional investors (including financial intermediaries) opening a new account, making a purchase by check, or placing an exchange or redemption should use the following addresses:

Note: Your transaction will receive the share price for the business day that the request is received in correct form by T. Rowe Price or its agent prior to the time at which the fund calculates its daily share price, which could differ from the day that the request is received at the post office box.

Information on Distributions and Taxes

Each fund intends to qualify to be treated each year as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In order to qualify, a fund must satisfy certain income, diversification, and distribution requirements. A regulated investment company is not subject to U.S. federal income tax at the portfolio level on income and gains from investments that are distributed to shareholders. However, if a fund were to fail to qualify as a regulated investment company and were ineligible to or otherwise did not cure such failure, the result would be fund-level taxation and, consequently, a reduction in income available for distribution to the fund’s shareholders.

To the extent possible, all net investment income and realized capital gains are distributed to shareholders. Generally, your share of the distributions is based on the number of shares of the fund outstanding on the applicable dividend record date. Therefore, if the fund has experienced a net redemption during the taxable period, your share of the distribution that is declared less frequently than daily may be relatively higher due to the smaller number of shares outstanding on the record date. See also “Taxes on Fund Distributions” below.

Dividends and Other Distributions

Except for the Retirement Income Funds, dividend and capital gain distributions are reinvested in additional fund shares in your account unless you select another option on your new account form. For the Retirement Income Funds, subject to certain exceptions, regularly scheduled monthly dividends may generally not be reinvested. Reinvesting distributions results in compounding, which allows you to receive dividends and capital gain distributions on an increasing number of shares.

Distributions not reinvested may be paid by check or transmitted to your bank account via Automated Clearing House or may be automatically invested into another fund account. For the Retirement Income Funds, regularly scheduled monthly dividends are generally not paid by check. If the U.S. Postal Service cannot deliver your check or if your check remains uncashed for six months, the fund reserves the right to reinvest your distribution check in your account at the net asset value on the day of the reinvestment and to reinvest all subsequent distributions in additional shares of the fund. Interest will not accrue on amounts represented by uncashed distributions or redemption checks.

The following table provides details on dividend accrual eligibility and payments. The information set forth in this table applies only to regular business days when the NYSE is open and closes at its regularly scheduled closing time (normally 4 p.m. ET).

The deadlines described in the table above for wire transactions in money market funds are based on when the fund receives the money and are not based on the time at which a shareholder initiates a wire, or the time a financial intermediary receives the wire. Neither the funds nor T. Rowe Price assume any responsibility for the performance of your bank or financial intermediary in the wire process. If a problem with such performance arises, you should contact your bank or financial intermediary.

In general, for funds other than money market funds, shares redeemed on a Friday or prior to a holiday will continue to earn dividends until the next business day. Generally, if you redeem all of your shares at any time during the month, you will also receive all dividends earned through the date of redemption in the same distribution. When you redeem only a portion of your shares, all dividends accrued on those shares will be reinvested, or paid in cash, on the next dividend payment date. The funds do not pay dividends in fractional cents. Any dividend amount earned for a particular day on all shares held that is one-half of one cent or greater (for example, $0.016) will be rounded up to the next whole cent (for example, $0.02), and any amount that is less than one-half of one cent (for example, $0.014) will be rounded down to the nearest whole cent (for example, $0.01). Please note that if the dividend payable on all shares held is less than one-half of one cent for a particular day, no dividend will be earned for that day.

If you purchase and redeem your shares through a financial intermediary, consult your financial intermediary to determine when your shares begin and stop accruing dividends as the information previously described may vary.

Capital Gain Payments

A capital gain or loss is the difference between the purchase and sale price of a security. If a fund has net capital gains for the year (after subtracting any capital losses), they are usually declared and paid in December to shareholders of record on a specified date that month. If a second distribution is necessary, it is generally paid the following year. A fund may have to make additional capital gain distributions, if necessary, to comply with the applicable tax law. Capital gains are not expected from money market funds since they are managed to maintain a stable share price. However, if a money market fund unexpectedly has net capital gains for the year (after subtracting any capital losses), the capital gain may be declared and paid in December to shareholders of record.

Tax Information

In most cases, you will be provided information for your tax filing needs no later than mid-February.

If you invest in the fund through a tax-deferred account, such as an IRA or employer-sponsored retirement plan, you will not be subject to tax on dividends and distributions from the fund or the sale of fund shares if those amounts remain in the tax-deferred account. You may receive a Form 1099-R or other Internal Revenue Service forms, as applicable, if any portion of the account is distributed to you.

If you invest in the fund through a taxable account, you generally will be subject to tax when:

Additional information about the taxation of dividends for certain T. Rowe Price Funds is listed below:

For individual shareholders, a portion of ordinary dividends representing “qualified dividend income” received by the fund may be subject to tax at the lower rates applicable to long-term capital gains rather than ordinary income. You may report it as qualified dividend income in computing your taxes, provided you have held the fund shares on which the dividend was paid for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date. Ordinary dividends that do not qualify for this lower rate are generally taxable at the investor’s marginal income tax rate. This includes the portion of ordinary dividends derived from interest, short-term capital gains, income and gains from derivatives, distributions from nonqualified foreign corporations, distributions from real estate investment trusts, and dividends received by the fund from stocks that were on loan. For taxable years ending after December 31, 2017, you generally may be allowed a deduction of up to 20% on your qualified REIT dividends. You may not take this deduction for a dividend on shares of a fund that have been held for less than 46 days during the 91-day period beginning on the date 45 days before the ex-dividend date. Little, if any, of the ordinary dividends paid by the bond funds or money market funds is expected to qualify for treatment as qualified dividend income or qualified REIT dividends.

For corporate shareholders, a portion of ordinary dividends may be eligible for the deduction for dividends received by corporations to the extent the fund’s income consists of dividends paid by U.S. corporations. Little, if any, of the ordinary dividends paid by the international stock funds, bond funds, or money market funds is expected to qualify for this deduction. A fund that earns interest income may, in its discretion, designate all or a portion of ordinary dividends as Section 163(j) interest dividends, which would allow the recipient to treat the designated portion of such dividends as interest income for purposes of determining interest expense deduction limitation under Section 163(j) of the Internal Revenue Code. Section 163(j) interest dividends, if so designated by a fund, will be reported to your financial intermediary or otherwise in accordance with the requirements specified by the Internal Revenue Service. To be eligible to treat a Section 163(j) interest dividend as interest income, you must have held the fund share for more than 180 days during the 361-day period beginning on the date which is 180 days before the date on which the share becomes ex-dividend with respect to such dividend. The holding period requirement does not apply to money market funds or funds that declare interest dividends on a daily basis in an amount equal to at least 90% of the fund’s excess Section 163(j) interest income and distribute such dividends on a monthly basis.

A 3.8% net investment income tax is imposed on net investment income, including interest, dividends, and capital gains of U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 (or $250,000 if married filing jointly) and of estates and trusts.

If you hold your fund through a financial intermediary, the financial intermediary is responsible for providing you with any necessary tax forms. You should contact your financial intermediary for the tax information that will be sent to you and reported to the Internal Revenue Service.

Taxes on Fund Redemptions

When you sell shares in any fund, you may realize a gain or loss. An exchange from one fund to another fund in a taxable account is also a sale for tax purposes. As long as a money market fund maintains a stable share price of $1.00, a redemption or exchange to another fund will not result in a gain or loss for tax purposes. However, an exchange from one fund into a money market fund may result in a gain or loss on the fund from which shares were redeemed.

All or a portion of the loss realized from a sale or exchange of your fund shares may be disallowed under the “wash sale” rule if you purchase substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date on which the shares are sold or exchanged. Shares of the same fund you acquire through dividend reinvestment are shares purchased for the purpose of the wash sale rule and may trigger a disallowance of the loss for shares sold or exchanged within the 61-day period of the dividend reinvestment. Any loss disallowed under the wash sale rule is added to the cost basis of the purchased shares.

T. Rowe Price (or your financial intermediary) will make available to you Form 1099-B, if applicable, no later than mid-February, providing certain information for each sale you made in the fund during the prior year. Unless otherwise indicated on your Form 1099-B, this information will also be reported to the Internal Revenue Service. For mutual fund shares acquired prior to 2012 in most accounts established or opened by exchange in 1984 or later, our Form 1099-B will provide you with the gain or loss on the shares you sold during the year based on the average cost single category method. This information on average cost and gain or loss from sale is not reported to the Internal Revenue Service. For these mutual fund shares acquired prior to 2012, you may calculate the cost basis using other methods acceptable to the Internal Revenue Service, such as First In First Out, for example.

For mutual fund shares acquired on or after January 1, 2012, federal income tax regulations require us to report the cost basis information on Form 1099-B using a cost basis method selected by the shareholder in compliance with such regulations or, in the absence of such selected method, our default method if you acquire your shares directly from T. Rowe Price. Our default method is average cost. For any fund shares acquired through a financial intermediary on or after January 1, 2012, you should check with your financial intermediary regarding the applicable cost basis method. You should note that the cost basis information reported to you may not always be the same as what you should report on your tax return because the rules applicable to the determination of cost basis on Form 1099-B may be different from the rules applicable to the determination of cost basis for reporting on your tax return. Therefore, you should save your transaction records to make sure the information reported on your tax return is accurate. T. Rowe Price and financial intermediaries are not required to issue a Form 1099-B to report sales of money market fund shares.

To help you maintain accurate records, T. Rowe Price will make available to you a confirmation promptly following each transaction you make (except for systematic purchases and systematic redemptions) and a year-end statement detailing all of your transactions in each fund account during the year. If you hold your fund through a financial intermediary, the financial intermediary is responsible for providing you with transaction confirmations and statements.

Taxes on Fund Distributions

T. Rowe Price (or your financial intermediary) will make available to you, as applicable, generally no later than mid-February, a Form 1099-DIV, or other Internal Revenue Service forms, as required, indicating the tax status of any income dividends, dividends exempt from federal income taxes, capital gain distributions made to you, and/or any return of capital. This information will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service. Taxable distributions are generally taxable to you in the year in which they are paid. A dividend declared in October, November, or December and paid in the following January is generally treated as taxable to you as if you received the distribution in December. Dividends from tax-free funds are generally expected to be tax-exempt for federal income tax purposes. Your bond fund and money market fund dividends for each calendar year will include dividends accrued up to the first business day of the next calendar year. Ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions may also be subject to state and local taxes. You will be sent any additional information you need to determine your taxes on fund distributions, such as the portion of your dividends, if any, that may be exempt from state and local income taxes.

Taxable distributions are subject to tax, whether reinvested in additional shares or received in cash.

The tax treatment of a capital gain distribution is determined by how long the fund held the portfolio securities, not how long you held the shares in the fund. Short-term (one year or less) capital gain distributions are taxable at the same rate as ordinary income, and gains on securities held for more than one year are taxed at the lower rates applicable to long-term capital gains. If you realized a loss on the sale or exchange of fund shares that you held for six months or less, your short-term capital loss must be reclassified as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received during the period you held the shares. For funds investing in foreign instruments, distributions resulting from the sale of certain foreign currencies, currency contracts, and the foreign currency portion of gains on debt instruments are taxed as ordinary income. Net foreign currency losses may cause monthly or quarterly dividends to be reclassified as returns of capital.

A fund’s distributions that have exceeded the fund’s earnings and profits for the relevant tax year may be treated as a return of capital to its shareholders. A return of capital distribution is generally nontaxable but reduces the shareholder’s cost basis in the fund, and any return of capital in excess of the cost basis will result in a capital gain.

When a dividend or distribution is declared, the fund provides an estimate of its source. Such information is made available on the fund’s website (troweprice.com) or provided on a written notice to shareholders as required. The tax status of certain distributions may be recharacterized on year-end tax forms, such as your Form 1099-DIV. Distributions made by a fund may later be recharacterized for federal income tax purposes—for example, from taxable ordinary income dividends to returns of capital. A recharacterization of distributions may occur for a number of reasons, including the recharacterization of income received from underlying investments, such as REITs, and distributions that exceed taxable income due to losses from foreign currency transactions or other investment transactions. Certain funds, including international bond funds and funds that invest significantly in REITs, are more likely to recharacterize a portion of their distributions as a result of their investments. The Retirement Income Funds are also more likely to have some or all of their distributions recharacterized as returns of capital because of the predetermined monthly distribution amount.

If the fund qualifies and elects to pass through nonrefundable foreign income taxes paid to foreign governments during the year, your portion of such taxes will be reported to you as taxable income. However, you may be able to claim an offsetting credit or deduction on your tax return for those amounts. There can be no assurance that a fund will meet the requirements to pass through foreign income taxes paid.

If you are subject to backup withholding, we will have to withhold a 24% backup withholding tax on distributions and, in some cases, redemption payments. You may be subject to backup withholding if we are notified by the Internal Revenue Service to withhold, you have failed one or more tax certification requirements, or our records indicate that your tax identification number is missing or incorrect. Backup withholding is not an additional tax and is generally available to credit against your federal income tax liability with any excess refunded to you by the Internal Revenue Service.

The following table provides additional details on distributions for certain funds:

Tax Consequences of Liquidity Fees

It is currently anticipated that shareholders of retail money market funds that impose a liquidity fee may generally treat the liquidity fee as offsetting the shareholder’s amount realized on the redemption (thereby decreasing the shareholder’s gain, or increasing the shareholder’s loss, on the redeemed amount). A fund that imposes a liquidity fee anticipates using 100% of that fee to help repair a market-based net asset value per share that was below $1.00. Any such discretionary liquidity fee will constitute an asset of the fund and will serve to benefit non-redeeming shareholders. However, the fund does not intend to distribute such fees to non-redeeming shareholders.

If the fund receives discretionary liquidity fees, it will consider the appropriate tax treatment of such fees to the fund at such time. However, due to a lack of guidance, the tax consequences of liquidity fees to the fund and the shareholders is unclear and may differ from that described in this section.

Tax Consequences of Hedging

Entering into certain transactions involving options, futures, swaps, and forward currency exchange contracts may result in the application of the mark-to-market and straddle provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. These provisions could result in a fund being required to distribute gains on such transactions even though it did not close the contracts during the year or receive cash to pay such distributions. The fund may not be able to reduce its distributions for losses on such transactions to the extent of unrealized gains in offsetting positions.

Tax Effect of Buying Shares Before an Income Dividend or Capital Gain Distribution

If you buy shares before or on the record date—the date that establishes you as the person to receive the upcoming distribution—you may receive a portion of the money you invested in the form of a taxable distribution. Therefore, you may wish to find out a fund’s record date before investing. In addition, a fund’s share price may, at any time, reflect undistributed capital gains or income and unrealized appreciation, which may result in future taxable distributions. Such distributions can occur even in a year when the fund has a negative return. The amount of capital gains realized by the fund is dependent upon the price at which securities are sold compared with the cost basis of those securities. When evaluating investment opportunities and deciding to sell a particular holding, a portfolio manager may consider the fund’s cash position relative to the cash needed to meet shareholder redemptions and/or purchase other securities and may identify certain shares with a specific cost basis to be sold in an attempt to minimize capital gain distributions. Additional information is available in the fund’s annual and semiannual Form N-CSRs.

RIGHTS RESERVED BY THE FUNDS

T. Rowe Price Funds and their agents, in their sole discretion, reserve the following rights: (1) to waive or lower investment minimums; (2) to accept initial purchases by telephone; (3) to refuse any purchase or exchange order; (4) to cancel or rescind any purchase or exchange order placed through a financial intermediary no later than the business day after the order is received by the financial intermediary (including, but not limited to, orders deemed to result in excessive trading, market timing, or 5% ownership); (5) to cease offering fund shares at any time to all or certain groups of investors; (6) to freeze any account and suspend account services when notice has been received of a dispute regarding the ownership of the account, or a legal claim against an account, upon initial notification to T. Rowe Price of a shareholder’s death until T. Rowe Price receives required documentation in correct form, or if there is reason to believe a fraudulent transaction may occur; (7) to otherwise modify the conditions of purchase and modify or terminate any services at any time; (8) to waive any wire, small account, maintenance, or fiduciary fees charged to a group of shareholders; (9) to act on instructions reasonably believed to be genuine; (10) to involuntarily redeem an account at the net asset value calculated the day the account is redeemed when permitted by law, including in cases of threatening or abusive conduct, suspected fraudulent or illegal activity, or if the fund or its agent is unable, through its procedures, to verify the identity of the person(s) or entity opening an account; and (11) for money market funds, to suspend redemptions to facilitate an orderly liquidation.

The fund’s Statement of Additional Information, which contains a more detailed description of the fund’s operations, investment restrictions, policies, and practices, is incorporated by reference into this prospectus, which means that it is legally part of this prospectus even if you do not request a copy. Additional information about the fund’s investments is available in the fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders and in Form N-CSR. Except for money market funds, the fund’s annual report contains a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the fund’s performance during its last fiscal year. These documents and other information are available without charge through troweprice.com/prospectus. You can also request these documents and make shareholder inquiries at no cost by calling 1-800-638-5660, by sending an e-mail request to info@troweprice.com, or by contacting your financial intermediary.

Annual and semi-annual shareholder reports and other fund information are available on the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s internet site at sec.gov. Copies of this information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov.

T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. 1307 Point Street Baltimore, MD 21231

This is the Statement of Additional Information (SAI) for all of the funds listed below (Price Funds). It is divided into two parts (Part I and Part II). Part I primarily contains information that is particular to each fund, and Part II contains information that generally applies to all of the mutual funds sponsored and managed by T. Rowe Price Associates, Inc. (Price Associates or T. Rowe Price).

The date of this Statement of Additional Information is May 1, 2026.

C00-042 5/1/26