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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITORS

TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND SHAREHOLDER OF

RIVERSOURCE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of RiverSource Life Insurance Company and its subsidiaries (the “Company”), which comprise the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of shareholder’s equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025 in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America (US GAAS). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are required to be independent of the Company and to meet our other ethical responsibilities, in accordance with the relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Responsibilities of Management for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and for the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is required to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are available to be issued.

Auditors’ Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors’ report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with US GAAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Misstatements are considered material if there is a substantial likelihood that, individually or in the aggregate, they would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user based on the consolidated financial statements.

 

F-1 

In performing an audit in accordance with US GAAS, we:

 

•

Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.

 

•

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements.

 

•

Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.

 

•

Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluate the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

 

•

Conclude whether, in our judgment, there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time.

We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, significant audit findings, and certain internal control-related matters that we identified during the audit.

 

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Minneapolis, Minnesota
February 19, 2026

 

 F-2

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions, except share amounts)

 

December 31,		2025				2024
Assets
Investments:
Available-for-Sale: Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2025, $26,292; 2024, $23,127; allowance for credit losses: 2025, $1; 2024, $1)		$	26,105			$	22,259
Mortgage loans, at amortized cost (allowance for credit losses: 2025, $10; 2024, $10)			1,927				1,797
Policy loans			1,056				982
Other investments (allowance for credit losses: 2025, nil; 2024, nil)			95				115
Total investments			29,183				25,153
Investments of consolidated investment entities, at fair value			2,618				2,387
Cash and cash equivalents			3,616				2,483
Cash of consolidated investment entities, at fair value			150				373
Market risk benefits			2,274				2,182
Reinsurance recoverables (allowance for credit losses: 2025, $19; 2024, $20)			4,213				4,046
Receivables			5,621				6,042
Receivables of consolidated investment entities, at fair value			30				31
Accrued investment income			239				216
Deferred acquisition costs			2,611				2,661
Other assets			14,059				10,482
Other assets of consolidated investment entities, at fair value			—				2
Separate account assets			77,645				75,576
Total assets		$	142,259			$	131,634
Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity
Liabilities:
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims		$	46,492			$	41,863
Market risk benefits			1,182				1,263
Short-term borrowings			200				201
Long-term debt			500				500
Debt of consolidated investment entities, at fair value			2,585				2,429
Other liabilities			11,727				8,298
Other liabilities of consolidated investment entities, at fair value			159				314
Separate account liabilities			77,645				75,576
Total liabilities			140,490				130,444
Shareholder’s equity:
Common stock, $30 par value; 100,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding			3				3
Additional paid-in capital			2,466				2,466
Accumulated deficit			(298	)			(400	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax			(402	)			(879	)
Total shareholder’s equity			1,769				1,190
Total liabilities and shareholder’s equity		$	142,259			$	131,634

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

F-3 

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(in millions)

 

Years Ended December 31,		2025				2024				2023
Revenues
Premiums		$	392			$	472			$	448
Net investment income			1,685				1,546				1,304
Policy and contract charges			2,147				2,060				2,020
Other revenues			571				578				590
Net realized investment gains (losses)			(63	)			(81	)			(70	)
Total revenues			4,732				4,575				4,292
Benefits and expenses
Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses			1,305				1,299				1,348
Interest credited to fixed accounts			475				616				654
Remeasurement (gains) losses of future policy benefit reserves			10				(44	)			(20	)
Change in fair value of market risk benefits			1,004				628				798
Amortization of deferred acquisition costs			234				234				239
Interest and debt expense			185				192				192
Other insurance and operating expenses			732				729				697
Total benefits and expenses			3,945				3,654				3,908
Pretax income (loss)			787				921				384
Income tax provision (benefit)			85				103				(10	)
Net income		$	702			$	818			$	394

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 F-4

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in millions)

 

Years Ended December 31,		2025				2024				2023
Net income		$	702			$	818			$	394
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net unrealized gains (losses) on securities			528				(276	)			509
Effect of changes in discount rate assumptions on certain long-duration contracts			(72	)			153				(54	)
Effect of changes in instrument-specific credit risk on market risk benefits			20				(62	)			(65	)
Other			1				—				—
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax			477				(185	)			390
Total comprehensive income (loss)		$	1,179			$	633			$	784

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

F-5 

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDER’S EQUITY

(in millions)

 

		Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital				Retained Earnings (Deficit)				Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)				Total
Balances at January 1, 2023		$	3			$	2,466			$	(412	)		$	(1,084	)		$	973
Net income			—				—				394				—				394
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			—				—				—				390				390
Cash dividends to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.			—				—				(600	)			—				(600	)
Balances at December 31, 2023			3				2,466				(618	)			(694	)			1,157
Net income			—				—				818				—				818
Other comprehensive income, net of tax			—				—				—				(185	)			(185	)
Cash dividends to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.			—				—				(600	)			—				(600	)
Balances at December 31, 2024			3				2,466				(400	)			(879	)			1,190
Net income			—				—				702				—				702
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax			—				—				—				477				477
Cash dividends to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.			—				—				(600	)			—				(600	)
Balances at December 31, 2025		$	3			$	2,466			$	(298	)		$	(402	)		$	1,769

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

 F-6

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)

 

Years Ended December 31,		2025				2024				2023
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net income		$	702			$	818			$	394
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net			(187	)			(195	)			(205	)
Deferred income tax (benefit) expense			174				404				100
Contractholder and policyholder charges, non-cash			(400	)			(407	)			(403	)
Loss from equity method investments			21				28				26
Net realized investment (gains) losses			6				12				46
Impairments and provision for loan losses			—				(1	)			(20	)
Net losses (gains) of consolidated investment entities			12				(13	)			23
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Deferred acquisition costs			50				35				63
Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims, and market risk benefits, net			5,013				4,238				3,474
Derivatives, net of collateral			(370	)			(1,669	)			(666	)
Reinsurance recoverables			(43	)			89				100
Receivables			226				291				333
Accrued investment income			(23	)			(40	)			(31	)
Current income tax, net			(19	)			(15	)			(323	)
Other operating assets and liabilities of consolidated investment entities			6				1				(5	)
Other, net			78				92				134
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities			5,246				3,668				3,040
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Available-for-Sale securities:
Proceeds from sales			351				1,106				617
Maturities, sinking fund payments and calls			2,317				1,775				963
Purchases			(5,894	)			(6,039	)			(4,187	)
Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of mortgage loans			134				123				118
Funding of mortgage loans			(264	)			(196	)			(74	)
Proceeds from sales and collections of other investments			17				34				29
Purchase of other investments			(18	)			(14	)			(15	)
Purchase of investments by consolidated investment entities			(1,431	)			(1,125	)			(427	)
Proceeds from sales, maturities and repayments of investments by consolidated investment entities			988				1,117				643
Purchase of equipment and software			(11	)			(10	)			(10	)
Change in policy loans, net			(74	)			(70	)			(65	)
Cash paid for deposit receivable			(29	)			(33	)			(39	)
Cash received for deposit receivable			427				592				774
Advance on line of credit to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.			(140	)			(450	)			(850	)
Repayment from Ameriprise Financial, Inc. on line of credit			140				450				850
Cash paid for written options with deferred premiums			(50	)			(57	)			(59	)
Cash received from written options with deferred premiums			20				22				43
Other, net			(35	)			(1	)			25
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities			(3,552	)			(2,776	)			(1,664	)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Policyholder account balances:
Deposits and other additions			1,293				1,470				1,476
Net transfers from (to) separate accounts			(163	)			(176	)			(132	)
Surrenders and other benefits			(1,487	)			(1,765	)			(2,102	)
Proceeds from line of credit with Ameriprise Financial, Inc.			—				3				—
Payments on line of credit with Ameriprise Financial, Inc.			—				(3	)			—
Cash paid for purchased options with deferred premiums			(121	)			(148	)			(53	)
Cash received for purchased options with deferred premiums			96				229				251
Borrowings by consolidated investment entities			1,120				1,273				—
Repayments of debt by consolidated investment entities			(922	)			(1,004	)			(275	)
Cash dividends to Ameriprise Financial, Inc.			(600	)			(600	)			(600	)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities			(784	)			(721	)			(1,435	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			910				171				(59	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			2,856				2,685				2,744
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		$	3,766			$	2,856			$	2,685
Supplemental Disclosures:
Interest paid excluding consolidated investment entities		$	27			$	38			$	28
Interest paid by consolidated investment entities			160				176				177

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

F-7 

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. NATURE OF BUSINESS AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

RiverSource Life Insurance Company is a stock life insurance company with one wholly owned stock life insurance company subsidiary, RiverSource Life Insurance Co. of New York (“RiverSource Life of NY”). RiverSource Life Insurance Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, Inc. (“Ameriprise Financial”).

 

•

RiverSource Life Insurance Company is domiciled in Minnesota and holds Certificates of Authority in American Samoa, the District of Columbia and all states except New York. RiverSource Life Insurance Company issues insurance and annuity products.

 

•

RiverSource Life of NY is domiciled and holds a Certificate of Authority in New York. RiverSource Life of NY issues insurance and annuity products.

RiverSource Life Insurance Company also wholly owns RiverSource Tax Advantaged Investments, Inc. (“RTA”) and Columbia Cent CLO Advisors, LLC (“Columbia Cent”). RTA is a stock company domiciled in Delaware and is a limited partner in affordable housing partnership investments. Columbia Cent provides asset management services to collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”).

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of RiverSource Life Insurance Company and companies in which it directly or indirectly has a controlling financial interest and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which it is the primary beneficiary (collectively, the “Company”). All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) which vary in certain respects from reporting practices prescribed or permitted by state insurance regulatory authorities as described in Note 16. Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform with the current presentation.

The Company evaluated events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date for potential recognition or disclosure through the date the financial statements were issued. No subsequent events or transactions requiring recognition or disclosure were identified.

The Company’s operations constitute a single operating segment, and therefore a single reportable segment, as the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) manages the business activities using information of the Company as a whole. As its CODM, the Company’s Chairman and President utilizes the Consolidated Statements of Income and its net income metric to allocate resources and assess performance of the Company. The accounting policies used to measure the profit and loss of the segment are the same as those described in Note 2.

The Company’s principal products are variable annuities, structured variable annuities, universal life (“UL”) insurance, including indexed universal life (“IUL”) and variable universal life (“VUL”) insurance, which are issued primarily to individuals. Waiver of premium and accidental death benefit riders are generally available with UL products, in addition to other benefit riders. Variable annuity contract purchasers can choose to add an optional guaranteed minimum death benefit (“GMDB”) rider to their contract.

The Company also offers payout annuities, term life insurance and disability income (“DI”) insurance.

The Company’s business is sold through the advisor network of Ameriprise Financial Services, LLC (“AFS”), a subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial. RiverSource Distributors, Inc., a subsidiary of Ameriprise Financial, serves as the principal underwriter and distributor of variable annuity and life insurance products issued by the Company.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation

A VIE is an entity that either has equity investors that lack certain essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest (including substantive voting rights, the obligation to absorb the entity’s losses, or the rights to receive the entity’s returns) or has equity investors that do not provide sufficient financial resources for the entity to support its activities.

Voting interest entities (“VOEs”) are those entities that do not qualify as a VIE. The Company consolidates VOEs in which it holds a greater than 50% voting interest. The Company generally accounts for entities using the equity method when it holds a greater than 20% but less than 50% voting interest or when the Company exercises significant influence over the entity. All other investments that are not reported at fair value as trading or Available-for-Sale securities are accounted for using the measurement alternative method when the Company owns less than a 20% voting interest and does not exercise significant influence. Under the measurement alternative, the investment is recorded at the cost basis, less impairments, if any, plus or minus observable price changes of identical or similar investments of the same issuer.

 

 F-8

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

A VIE is consolidated by the reporting entity that determines it has both:

 

•

the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and

 

•

the obligation to absorb potentially significant losses or the right to receive potentially significant benefits to the VIE.

All VIEs are assessed for consolidation under this framework. When evaluating entities for consolidation, the Company considers its contractual rights in determining whether it has the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. In determining whether the Company has this power, it considers whether it is acting in a role that enables it to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of an entity or if it is acting in an agent role.

In determining whether the Company has the obligation to absorb potential significant losses of the VIE or the right to receive potential significant benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, the Company considers an analysis of its rights to receive benefits such as investment returns and its obligation to absorb losses associated with any investment in the VIE in conjunction with other qualitative factors. Management and incentive fees that are at market and commensurate with the level of services provided, and where the Company does not hold other interests in the VIE that would absorb more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected losses or receive more than an insignificant amount of the VIE’s expected residual returns, are not considered a variable interest and are excluded from the analysis.

The consolidation guidance has a scope exception for reporting entities with interests in registered money market funds which do not have an explicit support agreement.

Amounts Based on Estimates and Assumptions

Accounting estimates are an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements. In part, they are based upon assumptions concerning future events. Among the more significant are those that relate to investment securities valuation and the recognition of credit losses or impairments, valuation of derivative instruments, litigation reserves, future policy benefits, market risk benefits, and income taxes and the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities. These accounting estimates reflect the best judgment of management and actual results could differ.

Investments

Available-for-Sale Securities

Available-for-Sale securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains (losses) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), net of impacts to benefit reserves, reinsurance recoverables and income taxes. Gains and losses are recognized on a trade date basis in the Consolidated Statements of Income upon disposition of the securities.

Available-for-Sale securities are impaired when the fair value of an investment is less than its amortized cost. When an Available-for-Sale security is impaired, the Company first assesses whether or not: (i) it has the intent to sell the security (i.e., made a decision to sell) or (ii) it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before its anticipated recovery. If either of these conditions exist, the Company recognizes an impairment by reducing the book value of the security for the difference between the investment’s amortized cost and its fair value with a corresponding charge to earnings. Subsequent increases in the fair value of Available-for-Sale securities that occur in periods after a write-down has occurred are recorded as unrealized gains in other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI”), while subsequent decreases in fair value would continue to be recorded as reductions of book value with a charge to earnings.

For securities that do not meet the above criteria, the Company determines whether the decrease in fair value is due to a credit loss or due to other factors. The amount of impairment due to credit-related factors, if any, is recognized as an allowance for credit losses with a related charge to Net realized investment gains (losses). The allowance for credit losses is limited to the amount by which the security’s amortized cost basis exceeds its fair value. The amount of the impairment related to other factors is recognized in OCI.

Factors the Company considers in determining whether declines in the fair value of fixed maturity securities are due to credit-related factors include: (i) the extent to which the market value is below amortized cost; (ii) fundamental analysis of the liquidity, business prospects and overall financial condition of the issuer; and (iii) market events that could impact credit ratings, economic and business climate, litigation and government actions, and similar external business factors.

If through subsequent evaluation there is a sustained increase in cash flows expected, both the allowance and related charge to earnings may be reversed to reflect the increase in expected principal and interest payments.

In order to determine the amount of the credit loss component for corporate debt securities, a best estimate of the present value of cash flows expected to be collected discounted at the security’s effective interest rate is compared to the amortized cost basis of the security. The significant inputs to cash flow projections consider potential debt restructuring terms, projected cash flows available to pay creditors and the Company’s position in the debtor’s overall capital structure. When assessing potential credit-related impairments for structured investments (e.g., residential mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgage backed securities and asset backed securities), the Company also considers credit-related factors such as overall deal structure and its

 

F-9 

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

position within the structure, quality of underlying collateral, delinquencies and defaults, loss severities, recoveries, prepayments and cumulative loss projections.

Management has elected to exclude accrued interest in its measurement of the allowance for credit losses for Available-for-Sale securities. Accrued interest on Available-for-Sale securities is recorded as earned in Accrued investment income. Available-for-Sale securities are generally placed on nonaccrual status when the accrued balance becomes 90 days past due or earlier based on management’s evaluation of the facts and circumstances of each security under review. All previously accrued interest is reversed through Net investment income.

Other Investments

Other investments primarily reflect the Company’s interests in affordable housing partnerships and syndicated loans. Affordable housing partnerships are accounted for under the equity method.

Financing Receivables

Financing receivables are comprised of commercial loans, policy loans, and deposit receivables.

Commercial Loans

Commercial loans include commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans and are recorded at amortized cost less the allowance for credit losses. Commercial mortgage loans are recorded within Mortgage loans and syndicated loans are recorded within Other investments. Commercial mortgage loans are loans on commercial properties that are originated by the Company. Syndicated loans represent the Company’s investment in loan syndications originated by unrelated third parties.

Interest income is accrued as earned on the unpaid principal balances of the loans. Interest income recognized on commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans is recorded in Net investment income.

Policy Loans

Policy loans do not exceed the cash surrender value at origination. As there is minimal risk of loss related to policy loans, there is no allowance for credit losses.

Interest income is accrued as earned on the unpaid principal balances of the loans. Interest income recognized on policy loans is recorded in Net investment income.

Deposit Receivables

For each of its reinsurance agreements, the Company determines whether the agreement provides indemnification against loss or liability related to insurance risk in accordance with applicable accounting standards. If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Deposits made and any related embedded derivatives are included in Receivables. As amounts are received, consistent with the underlying contracts, deposit receivables are adjusted. Deposit receivables are accreted using the interest method and the accretion is reported in Other revenues.

See Note 7 for additional information on financing receivables.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial assets to present the net amount expected to be collected over the asset’s expected life, considering past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Estimates of expected credit losses consider both historical charge-off and recovery experience as well as current economic conditions and management’s expectation of future charge-off and recovery levels. Expected losses related to risks other than credit risk are excluded from the allowance for credit losses. The allowance for credit losses is measured and recorded upon initial recognition of the loan, regardless of whether it is originated or purchased. The methods and information used to develop the allowance for credit losses for each class of financing receivable are discussed below.

Commercial Loans

The allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans utilizes a probability of default and loss severity approach to estimate lifetime expected credit losses. Actual historical default and loss severity data for each type of commercial loan is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions to develop the probability of default and loss severity assumptions that are applied to the amortized cost basis of the loans over the expected life of each portfolio. The allowance for credit losses on commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans is recorded through provisions charged to Net realized investment gains (losses) and is reduced/increased by net charge-offs/recoveries.

Management determines the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses based on the overall loan portfolio composition, recent and historical loss experience, and other pertinent factors, including when applicable, internal risk ratings, loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios, and occupancy rates, along with reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic and market conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates, which may be susceptible to significant change. While the Company may

 

 F-10

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

attribute portions of the allowance to specific loan pools as part of the allowance estimation process, the entire allowance is available to absorb losses expected over the life of the loan portfolio.

Deposit Receivables

The allowance for credit losses is calculated on an individual reinsurer basis. Deposit receivables are collateralized by underlying trust arrangements. Management evaluates the terms of the reinsurance and trust agreements, the nature of the underlying assets, and the potential for changes in the collateral value when considering the need for an allowance for credit losses.

Nonaccrual Loans

Commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans are placed on nonaccrual status when either the collection of interest or principal has become 90 days past due or is otherwise considered doubtful of collection. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest payments received on loans on nonaccrual status are generally applied to principal unless the remaining principal balance has been determined to be fully collectible. Management has elected to exclude accrued interest in its measurement of the allowance for credit losses for commercial mortgage loans and syndicated loans.

Loan Modifications

A loan is modified when the Company makes certain concessionary modifications to contractual terms such as principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, other-than-insignificant payment delays, and/or term extensions in an attempt to make the loan more affordable to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties. Generally, performance prior to the modification or significant events that coincide with the modification are considered in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms which may result in the loan being returned to accrual status at the time of the modification or after a performance period. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is not reasonably assured, the loan remains on nonaccrual status.

Charge-off and Foreclosure

Charge-offs are recorded when the Company concludes that all or a portion of the commercial mortgage loan or syndicated loan is uncollectible. Factors used by the Company to determine whether all amounts due on commercial mortgage loans will be collected, include but are not limited to, the financial condition of the borrower, performance of the underlying properties, collateral and/or guarantees on the loan, and the borrower’s estimated future ability to pay based on property type and geographic location. Factors used by the Company to determine whether all amounts due on syndicated loans will be collected, include but are not limited to the borrower’s financial condition, industry outlook, and internal risk ratings based on rating agency data and internal analyst expectations.

If it is determined that foreclosure on a commercial mortgage loan is probable and the fair value is less than the current loan balance, expected credit losses are measured as the difference between the amortized cost basis of the asset and fair value less estimated costs to sell, if applicable. Upon foreclosure, the commercial mortgage loan and related allowance are reversed, and the foreclosed property is recorded as real estate owned within Other assets.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original or remaining maturities at the time of purchase of 90 days or less.

Reinsurance

The Company cedes insurance risk to other insurers under reinsurance agreements.

Reinsurance premiums paid and benefits received are accounted for consistently with the basis used in accounting for the policies from which risk is reinsured and consistently with the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Reinsurance premiums paid for traditional life, long term care (“LTC”) and DI insurance and life contingent payout annuities, net of the change in any prepaid reinsurance asset, are reported as a reduction of Premiums. Reinsurance recoveries are reported as components of Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses.

UL and VUL reinsurance premiums are reported as a reduction of Policy and contract charges. In addition, for UL and VUL insurance policies, the net cost of reinsurance ceded, which represents the discounted amount of the expected cash flows between the reinsurer and the Company, is classified as an asset and amortized based on estimated gross profits over the period the reinsurance policies are in force. Changes in the net cost of reinsurance are reflected as a component of Policy and contract charges.

Insurance liabilities are reported before the effects of reinsurance. Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims recoverable under reinsurance contracts are recorded within Reinsurance recoverables, net of the allowance for credit losses. The Company evaluates the financial condition of its reinsurers prior to entering into new reinsurance contracts and on a periodic basis during the contract term. The allowance for credit losses related to reinsurance recoverable is based on applying observable industry data including insurer ratings, default and loss severity data to the Company’s reinsurance recoverable balances. Management evaluates the results of the calculation and considers differences between the industry data and the Company’s data. Such differences include that the Company has no actual history of significant losses and that industry data may

 

F-11 

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

contain non-life insurers. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates, which may be susceptible to significant change given the long-term nature of these receivables. In addition, the Company has a reinsurance protection agreement that provides credit protections for its reinsured LTC business. The allowance for credit losses on reinsurance recoverable is recorded through provisions charged to Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses.

The Company also assumes life insurance and fixed annuity risk from other insurers in limited circumstances. Reinsurance premiums received and benefits paid are accounted for consistently with the basis used in accounting for the policies from which risk is reinsured and consistently with the terms of the reinsurance contracts. Liabilities for assumed business are recorded within Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims.

See Note 9 for additional information on reinsurance.

Land, Buildings, Equipment and Software

Land, buildings, equipment and internally developed software are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation or amortization and are reflected within Other assets. The Company uses the straight-line method of depreciation and amortization over periods ranging from three to 39 years.

As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, land, buildings, equipment and software were $109 million and $113 million, net of accumulated depreciation of $273 million and $258 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 was $15 million, $14 million and $15 million, respectively.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Freestanding derivative instruments are recorded at fair value and are reflected in Other assets or Other liabilities. The Company’s policy is to not offset fair value amounts recognized for derivatives and collateral arrangements executed with the same counterparty under the same master netting arrangement. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on its intended use and the resulting hedge designation, if any. The Company primarily uses derivatives as economic hedges that are not designated as accounting hedges or do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The Company occasionally designates derivatives as (i) hedges of changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities, or firm commitments (“fair value hedges”) or (ii) hedges of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedges”).

Derivative instruments that are entered into for hedging purposes are designated as such at the time the Company enters into the contract. For all derivative instruments that are designated for hedging activities, the Company documents all of the hedging relationships between the hedge instruments and the hedged items at the inception of the relationships. Management also documents its risk management objectives and strategies for entering into the hedge transactions. The Company assesses, at inception and on a quarterly basis, whether derivatives designated as hedges are highly effective in offsetting the fair value or cash flows of hedged items. If it is determined that a derivative is no longer highly effective as a hedge, the Company will discontinue the application of hedge accounting.

For derivative instruments that do not qualify for hedge accounting or are not designated as accounting hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in current period earnings. Changes in fair value of derivatives are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income based on the nature and use of the instrument. Changes in fair value of derivatives used as economic hedges are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income with the corresponding change in the hedged asset or liability.

For derivative instruments that qualify as fair value hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives, as well as changes in the fair value of the hedged assets, liabilities or firm commitments, are recognized on a net basis in current period earnings. The carrying value of the hedged item is adjusted for the change in fair value from the designated hedged risk. If a fair value hedge designation is removed or the hedge is terminated prior to maturity, previous adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item are recognized into earnings over the remaining life of the hedged item.

For derivative instruments that qualify as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instruments is reported in AOCI and reclassified into earnings when the hedged item or transaction impacts earnings. The amount that is reclassified into earnings is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income with the hedged instrument or transaction impact. Any ineffective portion of the gain or loss is reported in current period earnings as a component of Net investment income. If a hedge designation is removed or a hedge is terminated prior to maturity, the amount previously recorded in AOCI is reclassified to earnings over the period that the hedged item impacts earnings. For hedge relationships that are discontinued because the forecasted transaction is not expected to occur according to the original strategy, any related amounts previously recorded in AOCI are recognized in earnings immediately.

The equity component of indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL obligations are considered embedded derivatives.

See Note 14 for information regarding the Company’s fair value measurement of derivative instruments and Note 18 for the impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

 

 F-12

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

Market Risk Benefits

Market risk benefits are contracts or contract features that both provide protection to the contractholder from other-than-nominal capital market risk and expose the Company to other-than-nominal capital market risk. Market risk benefits include certain contract features on variable annuity products that provide minimum guarantees to contractholders. Guarantees accounted for as market risk benefits include GMDB, guaranteed minimum income benefit (“GMIB”), guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefits (“GMWB”) and guaranteed minimum accumulation benefits (“GMAB”). If a contract contains multiple market risk benefits, those market risk benefits are bundled together as a single compound market risk benefit.

Market risk benefits are measured at fair value, at the individual contract level, using a non-option-based valuation approach or an option-based valuation approach dependent upon the fee structure of the contract. Changes in fair value are recognized in net income each period with the exception of the portion of the change in fair value due to a change in the instrument-specific credit risk, which is recognized in OCI.

Deferred Acquisition Costs

The Company incurs costs in connection with acquiring new and renewal insurance and annuity businesses. The portion of these costs which are incremental and direct to the acquisition of a new or renewal insurance policy or annuity contract are deferred. Significant costs capitalized include sales based compensation related to the acquisition of new and renewal insurance policies and annuity contracts, medical inspection costs for successful sales, and a portion of employee compensation and benefit costs based upon the amount of time spent on successful sales. Sales based compensation paid to Ameriprise Financial’s advisors and employees and third-party distributors is capitalized. Employee compensation and benefits costs which are capitalized relate primarily to sales efforts, underwriting and processing. All other costs which are not incremental direct costs of acquiring an insurance policy or annuity contract are expensed as incurred. The deferred acquisition costs (“DAC”) associated with insurance policies or annuity contracts that are significantly modified or internally replaced with another contract are accounted for as write-offs. These transactions are anticipated in establishing amortization periods and other valuation assumptions.

The Company monitors other DAC amortization assumptions, such as persistency, mortality, morbidity, and variable annuity benefit utilization each quarter and, when assessed independently, each could impact the Company’s DAC balances. Unamortized DAC is reduced for actual experience in excess of expected experience.

The analysis of DAC balances and the corresponding amortization considers all relevant factors and assumptions described previously. Unless the Company’s management identifies a significant deviation over the course of the quarterly monitoring, management reviews and updates these DAC amortization assumptions annually in the third quarter of each year.

DAC is amortized on a constant-level basis for the grouped contracts over the expected contract term to approximate straight-line amortization. Contracts are grouped by contract type and issue year into cohorts consistent with the grouping used in estimating the associated liability for future policy benefits. DAC related to all long-duration product types (except for life contingent payout annuities) is grouped on a calendar-year annual basis for each legal entity. Further disaggregation is reported for any contracts that include an additional liability for death or other insurance benefit. DAC related to life contingent payout annuities is grouped on a calendar-year annual basis for each legal entity for policies issued prior to 2021 and on a quarterly basis for each legal entity thereafter.

DAC related to annuity products (including variable deferred annuities, structured variable annuities, fixed deferred annuities, and life contingent payout annuities) is amortized based on initial premium. DAC related to life insurance products (including UL insurance, VUL insurance, IUL insurance, term life insurance, and whole life insurance) is amortized based on original specified amount (i.e., face amount). DAC related to DI insurance is amortized based on original monthly benefit.

The accounting contract term for annuity products (except for life contingent payout annuities) is the projected accumulation period. Life contingent payout annuities are amortized over the period which annuity payments are expected to be paid. The accounting contract term for life insurance products is the projected life of the contract. DI insurance is amortized over the projected life of the contract, including the claim paying period.

Deferred Sales Inducement Costs

Deferred sales inducements are contract features that are intended to attract new customers or to persuade existing customers to keep their current policy. Sales inducement costs consist of bonus interest credits and premium credits added to certain annuity contract and insurance policy values. These benefits are capitalized to the extent they are incremental to amounts that would be credited on similar contracts without the applicable feature. The amounts capitalized are amortized on a constant level basis using the same methodology and assumptions used to amortize DAC. Deferred sales inducement costs (“DSIC”) is recorded in Other assets and amortization of DSIC is recorded in Benefits, claims, losses and settlement expenses.

Separate Account Assets and Liabilities

Separate account assets represent funds held for the benefit of, and Separate account liabilities represent the obligation to, the variable annuity contractholders and variable life insurance policyholders who have a contractual right to receive the benefits of their contract or policy and bear the related investment risk. Gains and losses on separate account assets accrue directly to the

 

F-13 

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

contractholder or policyholder and are not reported in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Separate account assets are recorded at fair value and Separate account liabilities are equal to the assets recognized.

Policyholder Account Balances, Future Policy Benefits and Claims

The Company establishes reserves to cover the benefits associated with non-traditional and traditional long-duration products. Non-traditional long-duration products include variable and structured variable annuity contracts, fixed annuity contracts and UL and VUL policies. Traditional long-duration products include term life, whole life, DI and LTC insurance products and life contingent payout annuity products.

Non-Traditional Long-Duration Products

The liabilities for non-traditional long-duration products include fixed account values on variable and fixed annuities and UL and VUL policies, non-life contingent payout annuities, liabilities for guaranteed benefits associated with variable annuities (including structured variable annuities), and embedded derivatives for structured variable annuities, indexed annuities and IUL products.

Liabilities for fixed account values on variable annuities, structured variable annuities, fixed deferred annuities, and UL and VUL policies are equal to accumulation values, which are the cumulative gross deposits and credited interest less withdrawals and various charges. The liability for non-life contingent payout annuities is recognized as the present value of future payments using the effective yield at inception of the contract.

A portion of the Company’s UL and VUL policies have product features that result in profits followed by losses from the insurance component of the contract. These profits followed by losses can be generated by the cost structure of the product or secondary guarantees in the contract. The secondary guarantee ensures that, subject to specified conditions, the policy will not terminate and will continue to provide a death benefit even if there is insufficient policy value to cover the monthly deductions and charges. The liability for these future losses is determined at the reporting date by estimating the death benefits in excess of account value and recognizing the excess over the estimated life based on expected assessments (e.g. cost of insurance charges, contractual administrative charges, similar fees and investment margin). See Note 10 for information regarding the liability for contracts with secondary guarantees. Liabilities for fixed deferred indexed annuity, structured variable annuity and IUL products are equal to the accumulation of host contract values, guaranteed benefits, and the fair value of embedded derivatives.

See Note 12 for information regarding variable annuity guarantees.

Embedded Derivatives

The fair value of embedded derivatives related to structured variable annuities, indexed annuities and IUL fluctuate based on equity markets and interest rates and the estimate of the Company’s nonperformance risk and is recorded in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims. See Note 14 for information regarding the fair value measurement of embedded derivatives.

Traditional Long-Duration Products

The liability for future policy benefits for traditional long-duration products include cash flows related to unpaid amounts on reported claims, estimates of benefits payable on claims incurred but not yet reported and estimates of benefits that will become payable on term life, whole life, DI and LTC insurance policies and life contingent payout annuity policies as claims are incurred in the future. A liability for future policy benefits, which is the present value of estimated future policy benefits to be paid to or on behalf of policyholders and certain related expenses less the present value of estimated future net premiums to be collected from policyholders, is accrued as premium revenue is recognized. Expected insurance benefits are accrued over the life of the contract in proportion to premium revenue recognized (referred to as the net premium approach). The net premium ratio reflects cash flows from contract inception to contract termination (i.e., through the claim paying period) and cannot exceed 100%.

Assumptions utilized in the net premium approach, including mortality, morbidity, and terminations, are reviewed as part of experience studies at least annually or more frequently if suggested by evidence. Expense assumptions and actual expenses are updated within the net premium calculation consistent with other policyholder assumptions.

The updated cash flows used in the calculation are discounted using a forward rate curve. The discount rate represents an upper-medium-grade (i.e., low credit risk) fixed-income instrument yield (i.e., an A rating) that reflects the duration characteristics of the liability. Discount rates are locked in annually, at the end of each year for all products, except life contingent payout annuities, and calculated as the monthly average discount rate curves for the year. For life contingent payout annuities, the discount rates are locked in quarterly at the end of each quarter based on the average of the three months for the quarter.

The liability for future policy benefits will be updated for actual experience at least on an annual basis and concurrent with changes to cash flow assumptions. When net premiums are updated for cash flow changes, the estimated cash flows over the entire life of a group of contracts are updated using historical experience and updated future cash flow assumptions.

The revised net premiums are used to calculate an updated liability for future policy benefits as of the beginning of the reporting period, discounted at the original locked in rate (i.e., contract issuance rate). The updated liability for future policy benefits as of

 

 F-14

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

the beginning of the reporting period is then compared with the carrying amount of the liability as of that date prior to updating cash flow assumptions to determine the current period remeasurement gain or loss reflected in current period earnings. The revised net premiums are then applied as of the beginning of the quarter to calculate the benefit expense for the current reporting period.

The difference between the updated carrying amount of the liability for future policy benefits measured using the current discount rate assumption and the original discount rate assumption is recognized in OCI. The interest accretion rate remains the original discount rate used at contract issue date.

If the updating of cash flow assumptions results in the present value of future benefits and expenses exceeding the present value of future gross premiums, a charge to net income is recorded for the current reporting period such that net premiums are set equal to gross premiums. In subsequent periods, the liability for future policy benefits is accrued with net premiums set equal to gross premiums.

Contracts (except for life contingent payout annuities sold subsequent to December 31, 2020) are grouped into cohorts by contract type and issue year, as well as by legal entity and reportable segment. Life contingent payout annuities sold in periods beginning in 2021 are grouped into quarterly cohorts.

See Note 10 for information regarding the liabilities for traditional long-duration products.

Deferred Profit Liability

For limited-payment products, gross premiums received in excess of net premiums are deferred at initial recognition as a deferred profit liability (“DPL”). Gross premiums are measured using assumptions consistent with those used in the measurement of the liability for future policy benefits, including discount rate, mortality, lapses and expenses.

The DPL is amortized and recognized as premium revenue in proportion to expected future benefit payments from annuity contracts. Interest is accreted on the balance of the DPL using the discount rate determined at contract issuance. The Company reviews and updates its estimate of cash flows from the DPL at the same time as the estimates of cash flows for the liability for future policy benefits. When cash flows are updated, the updated estimates are used to recalculate the DPL at contract issuance. The recalculated DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period is compared to the carrying amount of the DPL as of the beginning of the current reporting period, and any difference is recognized as either a charge or credit to premium revenue.

DPL is recorded in Policyholder account balances, future policy benefits and claims and included as a reconciling item within Note 10.

Unearned Revenue Liability

The Company’s UL and VUL policies require payment of fees or other policyholder assessments in advance for services to be provided in future periods. These charges are deferred as unearned revenue and amortized using the same assumptions and factors used to amortize DAC. The unearned revenue liability is recorded in Other liabilities and the amortization is recorded in Policy and contract charges.

Income Taxes

The Company qualifies as a life insurance company for federal income tax purposes. As such, the Company is subject to the Internal Revenue Code provisions applicable to life insurance companies.

The Company’s taxable income is included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Ameriprise Financial. The Company provides for income taxes on a separate return basis, except that, under an agreement between Ameriprise Financial and the Company, tax benefits are recognized for losses to the extent they can be used in the consolidated return. It is the policy of Ameriprise Financial that it will reimburse its subsidiaries for any tax benefits recorded. The controlled group for which the Company is a member is an applicable corporation with regard to the corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) and is therefore required to compute the CAMT. In accordance with the tax sharing agreement, Ameriprise Financial will be liable for any CAMT liability and expense.

The Company’s provision for income taxes represents the net amount of income taxes that the Company expects to pay or to receive from various taxing jurisdictions in connection with its operations. The Company provides for income taxes based on amounts that the Company believes it will ultimately owe taking into account the recognition and measurement for uncertain tax positions. Inherent in the provision for income taxes are estimates and judgments regarding the tax treatment of certain items.

In connection with the provision for income taxes, the Consolidated Financial Statements reflect certain amounts related to deferred tax assets and liabilities, which result from temporary differences between the assets and liabilities measured for financial statement purposes versus the assets and liabilities measured for tax return purposes.

The Company is required to establish a valuation allowance for any portion of its deferred tax assets that management believes will not be realized. Significant judgment is required in determining if a valuation allowance should be established and the amount of such allowance if required. Factors used in making this determination include estimates relating to the performance of

 

F-15 

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

the business. Consideration is given to, among other things in making this determination: (i) future taxable income exclusive of reversing temporary differences and carryforwards; (ii) future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences; (iii) taxable income in prior carryback years; and (iv) tax planning strategies. Management may need to identify and implement appropriate planning strategies to ensure its ability to realize deferred tax assets and reduce the likelihood of the establishment of a valuation allowance with respect to such assets. See Note 20 for additional information on the Company’s valuation allowance.

Changes in tax rates and tax law are accounted for in the period of enactment. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effect of a change in tax laws or rates and the effect is included in net income.

Revenue Recognition

Premiums on traditional life, DI and LTC insurance products and life contingent payout annuities are net of reinsurance ceded and are recognized as revenue when due.

Interest income is accrued as earned using the effective interest method, which makes an adjustment of the yield for security premiums and discounts on all performing fixed maturity securities classified as Available-for-Sale so that the related security or loan recognizes a constant rate of return on the outstanding balance throughout its term. When actual prepayments differ significantly from originally anticipated prepayments, the retrospective effective yield is recalculated to reflect actual payments to date and updated future payment assumptions and a catch-up adjustment is recorded in the current period. In addition, the new effective yield, which reflects anticipated future payments, is used prospectively.

Mortality and expense risk fees are generally calculated as a percentage of the fair value of assets held in separate accounts and recognized when assessed. Variable annuity guaranteed benefit rider charges and cost of insurance charges on UL and VUL insurance and contract charges (net of reinsurance premiums and cost of reinsurance for UL insurance products) and surrender charges on annuities and UL and VUL insurance are recognized as revenue when assessed. These fees and charges are recorded in Policy and contract charges.

Realized gains and losses on the sale of securities, other than equity method investments, are recognized using the specific identification method on a trade date basis.

Fees received under marketing support and distribution services arrangements are recognized as revenue when earned.

See Note 4 for further discussion of accounting policies on revenue from contracts with customers.

3. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Income Taxes — Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, updating the accounting standards related to income tax disclosures, primarily focused on the disaggregation of income taxes paid and the rate reconciliation table. The standard is to be applied prospectively with an option for retrospective application and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company elected retrospective application and adopted the standard on January 1, 2025. The adoption of the standard did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations as the standard is disclosure-related only.

Future Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Expenses — Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, requiring public business entities to disclose disaggregated information about certain income statement expense line items. The disaggregated disclosures are required to be in the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements on an annual and interim basis. The standard is to be applied prospectively and is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. The Company is assessing changes to disclosures resulting from the standard. The adoption of the standard will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations as the standard is disclosure-related only.

Financial Instruments — Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets, which allows all entities to apply a practical expedient when estimating expected credit losses that assumes current conditions as of the balance sheet date will remain unchanged over the asset’s remaining life. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim reporting periods within those years. The adoption of the standard will not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Intangibles — Internal-Use Software

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software, to clarify and modernize the accounting treatment for internal-use software costs by eliminating the use of the sequential software

 

 F-16

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

development project stages method and provide further guidance on when an entity is required to start capitalizing eligible costs. Under the new guidance, capitalization begins when both of the following occur: (a) management, with the relevant authority, implicitly or explicitly authorizes and commits to funding a computer software project and (b) it is probable that the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform the function intended. The Company can elect prospective, retrospective, or modified retrospective adoption. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those years. The Company is evaluating the impact of the standard on its consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Financial Instruments — Credit Losses: Purchased Loans

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08, Purchased Loans, which amends the accounting for certain acquired seasoned loans to require recognizing them at their purchase price plus an allowance for expected credit losses (referred to as the gross-up method). The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those years, and must be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Derivatives and Hedging — Hedge Accounting Improvements

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Hedge Accounting Improvements, to make targeted changes within the hedge accounting model. The updates primarily relate to cash flow hedges and certain fair value and net investment hedges. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those years, and must be applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

4. REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The following table presents disaggregated revenue from contracts with customers and a reconciliation to total revenues reported on the Consolidated Statements of Income:

 

		Years Ended December 31,
(in millions)		2025				2024				2023
Policy and contract charges
Affiliated (from Columbia Management Investment Distributors, Inc.)		$	155			$	158			$	152
Unaffiliated			16				16				14
Total			171				174				166
Other revenues
Administrative fees
Affiliated (from Columbia Management Investment Services, Corp.)			40				41				39
Unaffiliated			20				19				17
			60				60				56
Other fees
Affiliated (from Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“CMIA”))			330				320				307
Unaffiliated			5				5				4
			335				325				311
Total			395				385				367
Total revenue from contracts with customers			566				559				533
Revenue from other sources(1)			4,166				4,016				3,759
Total revenues		$	4,732			$	4,575			$	4,292

 

(1)	Amounts primarily consist of revenue associated with insurance and annuity products and investment income from financial instruments.

The following discussion describes the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from the Company’s contracts with customers.

Policy and Contract Charges

The Company earns revenue for providing distribution-related services to affiliated and unaffiliated mutual funds that are available as underlying investments in its variable annuity and variable life insurance products. The performance obligation is satisfied at the time the mutual fund is distributed. Revenue is recognized over the time the mutual fund is held in the variable product and is generally earned based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the net asset value of the fund. The revenue is not recognized at the time of sale because it is variably constrained due to factors outside the Company’s control, including market volatility and how long the fund(s) remain in the insurance policy or annuity contract. The revenue will not be recognized until it is probable that a significant reversal will not occur. These fees are accrued and collected on a monthly basis.

 

F-17 

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

Other Revenues

Administrative Fees

The Company earns revenue for providing customer support, contract servicing and administrative services for affiliated and unaffiliated mutual funds that are available as underlying instruments in its variable annuity and variable life insurance products. The transfer agent and administration revenue is earned daily based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to assets under management. These performance obligations are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. These fees are accrued and collected on a monthly basis.

Other Fees

The Company earns revenue for providing affiliated and unaffiliated partners an opportunity to educate the financial advisors of its affiliate, AFS, that sell the Company’s products as well as product and marketing personnel to support the offer, sale and servicing of funds within the Company’s variable annuity and variable life insurance products. These payments allow the parties to train and support the advisors, explain the features of their products, and distribute marketing and educational materials. The affiliated revenue is earned based on a rate, updated at least annually, which is applied, as a percentage, to the market value of assets invested. The unaffiliated revenue is earned based on a fixed rate applied, as a percentage, to the market value of assets invested. These performance obligations are considered a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and are satisfied each day over the contract term. These fees are accrued and collected on a monthly basis.

Receivables

Receivables for revenue from contracts with customers are recognized when the performance obligation is satisfied and the Company has an unconditional right to the revenue. Receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers were $53 million and $50 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

5. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company provides asset management services to CLOs which are considered to be VIEs that are sponsored by the Company. In addition, the Company invests in structured investments other than CLOs and certain affordable housing partnerships which are considered VIEs. The Company consolidates the CLOs if the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary. The Company has no obligation to provide financial or other support to the non-consolidated VIEs beyond its initial investment and existing future funding commitments, and the Company has not provided any additional support to these entities. The Company has unfunded commitments related to consolidated CLOs of $6 million and $2 million as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

See Note 2 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting policy on consolidation.

Structured Investments

The Company invests in structured investments which are considered VIEs for which it is not the sponsor. These structured investments typically invest in fixed income instruments and are managed by third parties and include asset backed securities and commercial and residential mortgage backed securities. The Company classifies these investments as Available-for-Sale securities. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these structures due to the size of the Company’s investment in the entities and position in the capital structure of these entities.

Additionally, the Company invests in CLOs for which it is the sponsor. CLOs are asset backed financing entities collateralized by a pool of assets, primarily syndicated loans and, to a lesser extent, high-yield bonds. Multiple tranches of debt securities are issued by a CLO, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. The debt securities issued by the CLOs are non-recourse to the Company. The CLO’s debt holders have recourse only to the assets of the CLO. The assets of the CLOs cannot be used by the Company. Scheduled debt payments are based on the performance of the CLO’s collateral pool. The Company earns management fees from the CLOs based on the value of the CLO’s collateral pool and, in certain instances, may also receive incentive fees. The fee arrangement is at market and commensurate with the level of effort required to provide those services. The Company has invested in a portion of the unrated, junior subordinated notes and highly rated senior notes of certain CLOs. The Company consolidates certain CLOs where it is the primary beneficiary.

The Company’s maximum exposure to loss with respect to structured investments and non-consolidated CLOs is limited to its amortized cost. The Company classifies these investments as Available-for-Sale securities. See Note 6 for additional information on these investments.

Affordable Housing Partnerships and Other Real Estate Partnerships

The Company is a limited partner in affordable housing partnerships that qualify for government-sponsored low income housing tax credit programs and partnerships that invest in multi-family residential properties that were originally developed with an affordable housing component. The Company has determined it is not the primary beneficiary and therefore does not consolidate these partnerships.

A majority of the limited partnerships are VIEs. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its investment in the VIEs is limited to the carrying value. The carrying value is reflected in Other investments and was $29 million and $46 million as

 

 F-18

RiverSource Life Insurance Company

 

of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s liability related to original purchase commitments not yet remitted to the VIEs was not material as of both December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company has not provided any additional support and is not contractually obligated to provide additional support to the VIEs beyond the funding commitments.

Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The Company categorizes its fair value measurements according to a three-level hierarchy. See Note 14 for the definition of the three levels of the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities held by consolidated investment entities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

		December 31, 2025
(in millions)		Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
Assets
Investments:
Corporate debt securities		$	—			$	71			$	—			$	71
Syndicated loans			—				2,458				89				2,547
Total investments			—				2,529				89				2,618
Receivables			—				30				—				30
Total assets at fair value		$	—			$	2,559			$	89			$	2,648
Liabilities
Debt(1)		$	—			$	2,585			$	—			$	2,585
Other liabilities			—				159				—				159
Total liabilities at fair value		$	—			$	2,744			$	—			$	2,744

 

		December 31, 2024
(in millions)		Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total
Assets
Investments:
Corporate debt securities		$	—			$	50			$	—			$	50
Common stocks			—				2				1				3
Syndicated loans			—				2,216				118				2,334
Total investments			—				2,268				119				2,387
Receivables			—				31				—				31
Other assets			—				2				—				2
Total assets at fair value		$	—			$	2,301			$	119			$	2,420
Liabilities
Debt(1)		$	—			$	2,429			$	—			$	2,429
Other liabilities			—				314				—				314
Total liabilities at fair value		$	—			$	2,743			$	—			$	2,743

 

(1)	The carrying value of the CLOs’ debt is set equal to the fair value of the CLOs’ assets. The estimated fair value of the CLOs’ debt was $2.6 billion and $2.4 billion as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following tables provide a summary of changes in Level 3 assets held by consolidated investment entities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

 

(in millions)		Common Stocks				Syndicated Loans
Balance at January 1, 2025		$	1			$	118
Total gains (losses) included in:
Net income			—				(3	)(1)
Purchases			—				145
Sales			—				(84	)
Settlements			—				(14	)
Transfers into Level 3			—				186
Transfers out of Level 3			(1	)			(259	)
Balance at December 31, 2025		$	—			$	89
Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income relating to assets held at December 31, 2025		$	—			$	(1	)(1)

 

F-19